Visual attention

software &Gestalt
principles
Gestalt principles
Introduction
Artistic imagery , architectural renderings , cartography
and games often exploit abstraction to clarify ,
exaggerate , simplify or emphasize the visual content .
Abstraction is a strategy for communicating information
effectively . It allows artists to highlight specific visual
information and thereby direct the viewer to important
aspects of the structure and organization of the scene .
We’ll present an approach to the abstraction of 2D
shapes , in particular those of architectural models and
show you how human eye and mind digest those
information .
our approach to abstracting shape directly aims to
clarify shape and preserve meaningful structures using
Gestalt principles.
Identification
The well - known Gestalt principles by Wertheimer
[ 1923 ] , reflect strategies of the human visual
system to group objects into forms and create
internal representations for them . Whenever
groups of visual element have one or several
characteristics in common , they get grouped and
form a new larger visual object - a gestalt
They are hypotheses concerning the relation
between what is real and what is perceived , the
nature of gestalts , the behavior of gestalts
formulated into the Law of Pragnanz , the principles
of grouping , the reality of the Ego , processes of
learning , including the concept that meaning is an
overlay of form perception , and finally , hypotheses
concerning the formation and cohesion in and
among societies .
.
 Name H
Continuity
Our minds depend on the continuity in form and
direction rather than sudden changes in direction. A
continuity break can indicate the end of a section that
draws attention to a new piece of content. Continuity
helps us interpret direction and motion through the
formation. This is done when the elements are aligned
and can help our eyes move smoothly across the
background, helping to be clear. The principle of
continuity reinforces and creates the system, and
directs users through different content sectors.
.
Closure
Reification is an aspect of perception in which the perceived
object contains more structural information than what is
actually present. We try to match whatever we see, to
something familiar, which is stored in the memory. But
most of the time, there is not an exact match. We then find
the nearest match and fill in the gaps in the way we think it
should be seen.
Viewers don’t need to see the complete outline of the object
to perceive it completely. We can leave out parts of the
outline when we get a close enough pattern to match 
Figure /Ground
Each perception field has a shape and ground. The shape is more complex than the
ground, and the ground is a frame of shape. The words written on the paper are
complex, but the (ground) paper is simple. The focus of attention is on the shape more
than the ground (the shape attracts attention). We focus our attention on the words
written on the paper and not on the paper itself.
 
Entering changes to the shape is easier than entering it on the ground, so the error in the
word written on the paper (the shape) leads to a poor appearance of the paper only,
while the error in the paper leads to change it with another. Both shape and ground exist
in everything around us, and it depends very heavily on attention, we cannot see the
same two at the same time, the sequence of shape and the ground is alternating, and
that is the basis of our understanding of things.
.
 VISUAL ATTENTION SOFTWARE

The human brain evolved to implicitly approach or

avoid objects in its surroundings. Requisite for
survival, this behavior happens without conscious
awareness or control,. Biometric technologies,
including eye tracking, reveal these unconscious
behaviors at work and allow us to predict the initial
response of a design experience. This paper shows
how a biometric tool, 3M-VAS (Visual Attention
Software), can be effectively used in architecture.
This tool aggregates 30 years of eye-tracking data,
and is commonly applied in website and signage
design. A pilot-study uses simplified drawings of
building elevations to show 3M-VAS’s predictive
power in revealing implicit human responses of
engagement and disengagement to buildings.
What is the importance
of figure ground drawing
in architecture?

In architecture, figure-ground drawings are

useful for showing how the material or solid
components of buildings relate to the spaces
contained by the built form. Figure ground
drawings in architecture are often applied at
an urban scale, as a way of drawing the plan
of a city.
FIGURE / GROUND

description
In this example, we see that the focus was on the edges of
the bridge that separating the glass background from the
brick element
EDITED VER.

photoshoped

After the modification and transformation of the building into

blocks of the same material, the person's interest in the
building decreased

His only contact with

the building was by
the difference in
lightening
FIGURE / GROUND

description
The focus was on the contrasting windows that show a
different formation when you focus on them
EDITED VER.

photoshoped
We can see how human eye
interaction changed after covering
all the windows and how it focused
on the places that have gestalt
principle
FIGURE / GROUND

description

The focus was on the entire

building, especially on the
edges
EDITED VER.

photoshoped
The building is completely
ignored, and the focus is
on architectural openings
What is the importance
of continuing drawing in
architecture?

The Gestalt Principle of Continuity helps

guide an audience's movement through a
design, making it easy for them to navigate
the composition while creating a relationship
between the different groupings.
Continuing

description
The focus was on the end of the visual
effect of the movement of the building
EDITED VER.

photoshoped
But here, after
separating the
blocks from each
other and cutting
the visual
continuity of the
building, the focus
become on the
piece it self
Continuing

description
The focus fell on the kinetic
harmony of the building
EDITED VER.

photoshoped
The exaggerated simplicity of
the building overcame human
curiosity, so the only focus
was on the edges
 Continuing

description
The building interacted in an
ideal way due to the kinetic
element and its integration with
figure\ground.law of gestalt
EDITED VER.

photoshoped
Figure\ground law
took control after
obstruction the time
element
Closure

description
Subtracted zones decreased focus and gave
a sense of separation between parts,
functions and field of vision
EDITED VER.
photoshoped

The field of view

connected to
each other and
that ended up
giving different
feeling and
experience
Closure

description
Using Color: When it comes to design, color plays a vital
role. Not only does it add life to the image, but when using
abstract shapes to represent forms, it can help reinforce
relationships.
EDITED VER.

photoshoped
Here, after the
editing the
building, the
other law of
gestalt’s laws
prevailed
“proximity “
Closure

description
negative and positive space, which, when combined, can
form a whole.
EDITED VER.

photoshoped

After closing the spaces, there is

nothing left to look at
 Conclusion

Some therapists use Gestalt Theory has

Gestalt therapy teaches
, Gestalt psychology has clients to discriminate
Gestalt psychology to contributed to many fields
influenced how we study between what they are truly
help patients focus on and informs a great deal of
perception and experiencing and what they
the present over the modern-day thinking
are simply interpreting.
sensation. It also regarding the world around
past. Designers and Gestalt therapy is delving
increases our us. This theory allows for
product developers also into a person’s thoughts,
understanding of how deeper understanding of
feelings, behaviours,
use Gestalt theory to complex systems, not just as
our cognitive processes beliefs, and values in order
make their creations sums of parts, but also as a
influence the way we to acquire a deeper
more appealing or to sum of parts that are
behave socially. understanding of how they
draw focus to certain interacting together and being
express themselves and
elements over others.. perceived as the whole.
react to their surroundings.
THANK
YOU
Dr. Ayman Tomah

Rahaf Ayman Rania kloub

NoUr Hussein Areej Soudi
Rwan al-shater Saba Al jboor