EARTH:

HISTORY
EARTH’S HISTORY
•Petrology
•Stratigraphy
•Paleontology
 PETROLOGY
• Is a branch of geology that deals with the origin,
composition, structure and classification of rocks.
• with particular emphasis on the physical, chemical, and
possibly biological processes that are involved in the
formation of rocks.
STRATIGRAPHY
•Is the study of rock layers and layering.
•And scientific discipline concerned with
the description of rock successions and
their interpretation in terms of a general
time scale.
PALEONTOLOGY
• the study of ancient life, from
dinosaurs to prehistoric plants,
mammals, fish, insects, fungi, and
even microbes.
RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE
DATING
RELATIVE DATING
•Places events or rocks in their
chronological sequence or order
of occurrence without knowing
their actual age.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF
RELATIVE DATING
•PRINCIPLE OF ORIGINAL
HORIZONTALITY
•PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION
•PRINCIPLE OF CROSS-CUTTING
RELATIONSHIPS
ABSOLUTE DATING
•Places actual ages of rocks and events.
•measure the physical properties of an object
itself and use these measurements to calculate
its age. One of the most useful absolute dating
methods for archaeologists is
called radiocarbon dating.
THREE METHODS OF
ABSOLUTE DATING
•radiocarbon dating
•potassium-argon dating
•trapped-charge dating methods