SEXUAL

Self
LESSON 2:

The Sexual Self

The most noticeable change as you start
adolescence is physical as a result
largely from the secretion of various
hormones which affect virtually every
aspect of an adolescent’s life.
LESSON 2:

The Sexual Self

Primary Sex Characteristics:

• During puberty sex organs enlarge and

mature.

Female reproductive organs: ovaries, fallopian

tube, uterus, clitoris, and vagina

Male reproductive organs: testes, penis, scrotum,

seminal vesicles, and prostate glands
The Male Reproductive System
The Male Reproductive System
Testes
The two testes (plural of testis) are contained in a
bag of skin called the scrotum. They have two
functions:
1. to produce sperm
2.to make the hormone testosterone

Sperm duct and glands

The sperm passes through the sperm ducts, and
mixes with fluids produced by glands. The fluids
provide the sperm cells with nutrients. This
mixture is called semen. 
The Male Reproductive System

Penis and urethra

The penis has two functions:
1. to pass urine out of the body from the
bladder
2. To pass semen into the vagina of a woman
during sexual intercourse

 The urethra is the tube inside the penis that can

carry urine or semen. A ring of muscle ensures
that urine and semen do not get mixed up.
 
Spermarche

- first ejaculation (“wet dreams”)

- usually occurs around the age of 13,
which indicates that the boy is producing
sperm and could fertilize a female egg
through sexual activity.
The Female Reproductive System
The Female Reproductive System
Ovaries
The two ovaries contain ova 
(eggs).
 
Oviducts
Each ovary is connected to
the uterus by an oviduct (fallopian
tube). The oviduct is lined with
ciliated cells. Every month, an
ovum (egg) develops and
becomes mature, and is released
from an ovary.
The Female Reproductive System
Uterus and cervix

The uterus is a muscular bag

with a soft lining. It is where a
baby develops until its birth.
The cervix is a ring of muscle
at the lower end of the uterus.
It keeps the baby in place
while the woman is pregnant.
The Female Reproductive System
Vagina and urethra
The vagina is a muscular tube
that leads from the cervix to the
outside of the woman's body. The
opening to the vagina has folds of
skin called labia that meet to
form a vulva. The urethra also
opens into the vulva, but it is
separate from the vagina. It
passes urine out of the body from
the bladder.
Menarche

- women's first menstrual period

- uterus starts to build a lining that will later
shed through
 Secondary Sex Characteristics

Physiological signs of sexual maturation that do not

directly involve the sex organs.

e.g. the breasts development for females and the

broad shoulders of males.
 Secondary Sex Characteristics

Changes occur at puberty because of the following:

Testosterone (produced by the testes) - controls the

development of male secondary sexual characteristics
 
Estrogen (produced by the ovaries) - controls the
development of female secondary sexual characteristics
 Changes during Puberty

Male Both Female

Voice deepens
Voice breaks Pubic hair grows
gradually

Hair grows on face

Underarm hair grows Hips gets wider
and body

Body becomes more Sexual organs grow

Breasts develop
muscular and develop

Testes starts to Ovaries starts to

produce sperm cells release egg cells
(menstruation starts)
Erogenous Zones
• Parts of the body, when stimulated, produce
erotic or sexual sensations and reactions.
• Especially sensitive and cause increased sexual
arousal when touched in a sexual manner.

Ex. mouth, breast, sex organs, and the anus, the

neck, thighs, abdomen, and feet

The Sexual Self

• The three (3) primary, distinct, but interrelated
emotion systems in the brain that mediate
mating, reproduction, and the rearing of young
• These are: lust, attraction, and attachment.

Biology of Sexual Behaviour

1. The Sex Drive (Libido or Lust)
• Characterized by the craving for
sexual gratification and associated
primarily with the hormones (the
estrogens and the androgens).
• It evolves to motivate individuals to
seek sexual union with any
appropriate partner.

Biology of Sexual Behaviour

2. The Attraction System
• Characterized by increased energy and the
focusing of attention on a preferred mating
partner.
• In humans, attraction is also associated with
feelings of exhilaration, intrusive thinking
about the beloved, and the craving for
emotional union.
• Termed as: “passionate love”, “obsessive
love”, & “infatuation”

Biology of Sexual Behaviour

3. The Companionate System
• Characterized by feelings of
calm, security, social comfort,
and emotional union.

Biology of Sexual Behaviour

• Phases of Sexual Response Cycle: is a
model that describes the physiological
responses that take place during sexual
activity.
• Postulated by William Masters and Virginia
Johnson, the cycle consists of four (4)
phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm,
resolution

Physiology of Sexual Behaviour

 Phases Psychological Response

Excitement Genitals fill with blood (Male) and lubricate (Female)

ready for intercourse; rapid breathing and pulse

Plateau Changes related to excitement reach a peak

Orgasm Contractions all over the body; sexual release

Resolution Enlarged genitals release blood and go through

refractory phase (Male) ; Resolves slower (Female)

Phases of Sexual Response Cycle

 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) or
Venereal Diseases (VDs)

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

The following images in this section may be
disturbing to some. Viewer discretion is
advised.

Disclaimer:
1. Chlamydia
• Caused by a bacteria called
Chlamydia trachomatis
• Can infect both men and women
• Can be acquired during oral,
vaginal, or anal sex with
someone who has the infection.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

 Male
• Discharge from the penis
• Burning sensation when urinating
• Burning or itching around the
opening of the penis
• Pain and swelling in one or both
testicles (although this is less
common)
Chlamydia Symptoms
(Sexually Transmitted Diseases)
Female
• Abnormal vaginal discharge, which
may have a strong smell
• Burning sensation when urinating
• Pain during intercourse (If the
infection spreads, you might get
lower abdominal pain, pain during
sex, nausea, or fever.)
2. Herpes
• Common infection that stays in
one’s body for life. It causes
sores on one’s genital and/or
mouth which can be annoying
and painful.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

2. Herpes
• Caused by two different but similar viruses: Herpes Simplex
Virus type (HSV-1) and Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2).
• Can be transmitted when one’s genital and/or mouth touches
the genital/mouth of the other person during oral, anal, and
vaginal sex.
• Can even be acquired from kissing someone who has oral
herpes.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

3. Human Papillomavirus or HPV

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

3. Human Papillomavirus or HPV
• In men, HPV is evident through genital warts on the penis,
on the scrotum, in or around the anus or on the groin.
• Has no symptoms, diagnosing HPV in men is difficult. The
diagnosis in men is made when external genital warts are
seen.
• It can be spread through contact with the skin of someone
who has an HPV infection. Some types causes genital
warts which are hard, rough lumps that grow on the skin.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

4. Gonorrhea
• Comes from a bacterium called Neisseria
gonorrhoeae.
• Can infect both men and women.
• Can cause infections in the genitals, rectum, and
throat.
• Acquired by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with
someone being infected with the disease.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

 Male
• Burning sensation when urinating;
• White, yellow, or green discharge
from the penis
• Painful or swollen testicles (although
this is less common)
• Swelling or redness at the opening of
the penis
• Persistent sore throat
Gonorrhea Symptoms
(Sexually Transmitted Diseases)
Female
• Painful or burning sensation when
urinating
• Discharge from the vagina (watery,
creamy, or slightly green)
• Vaginal bleeding between periods
• Sore throat 
• Pain upon engaging in sexual
intercourse
• Sharp pain in the lower abdomen
• Fever
4. Syphillis
• It starts as a sore on one’s genital, rectum or
mouth
• Spreads to another person through skin or mucous
membrane contacts with the sores.
• Has 3 different stages which can overlap or
happen around the same time. Some who
experience it may have no symptoms at all but the
infection may still be there.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

 First Stage Second Stage Last Stage

• A sore called “chancre” pops • Symptoms include rashes on • May be no signs or

up; it is where the syphilis the palms of one’s hands, symptoms at all for months
infection enters the body. soles of the feet, or other or even years; but, one still
• It shows up on one’s vulva, part of one’s body. needs to get treatment to
vagina, anus, penis, scrotum, • May experience slight fever, get rid of it.
and rarely non the lips or feeling tired, sore throat, • If untreated, would lead to
mouth which may be visibly swollen glands, headache, more serious health
seen or hidden on the parts muscle aches, hair loss, and problems like tumors,
mentioned. swollen lymph nodes. blindness, and paralysis.
• Usually show up between 3 • Sores in the mouth, vagina, • Can also damage the
weeks to 3 months after one or anus may also be evident nervous system, brain, and
gets the infection. other organs, that would
lead to death (if untreated).

Syphilis 3 Stages (Sexually Transmitted Diseases)

5. Trichomoniasis
• Caused by infection with the protozoan parasite called
Trichomonas vaginalis. Carried in sexual fluids like
semen, pre-cum, and vaginal fluid
• Most commonly infected part in women is the lower
genital tract which includes the vulva, vagina, cervix, or
urethra; in men, the inside of the penis and the urethra.
• Symptoms include irritation, itchy, redness or soreness of
the genitals, smelly discharge, and painful or frequent
urination.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

6. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) / Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

• Destroys or impairs cells of the immune system and

progressively destroys the body's ability to fight infections
and certain cancers.
• The virus has also been detected in breast milk; can be
spread by breastfeeding.
• Not every child born to an HIV-infected mother will acquire
the virus.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

 Vertical Transmission

Blood Contamination

Sexual Contact

Needles

Means by which HIV is spread:

1. Practice safe sex
2. Properly use safe-sex supplies (such as
male condoms, female condoms, gloves,
etc.)
3. Avoid having multiple sex partners
4. Abstinence is 100% effective, it protects
you from STDs.

Abstinence
Ways to Prevent Transmission of STDs
Methods of Contraception
• Information about the various types of birth control
options that can be used by an individual abound.
• These options would depend on what is best for an
individual. Many of these methods of contraception
also lower your chance of getting STDs.
• It has to be noted that most types of contraception
can only be obtained with the help of a doctor.

Methods of Contraception
A. Natural Birth Control Method
• Only bodily changes are monitored in order
to know when a female is fertile or infertile
by keeping track of her menstrual cycle.
• It does not involve medicine or devices to
prevent pregnancy. It can be done through
abstinence, fertility awareness, lactational
amenorrhea, and withdrawal.

Ways to Prevent Transmission of STDs

B. Artificial Birth Control Method
• Any product, procedure or practice that uses
artificial or unnatural means to prevent
pregnancy.
• Such as: condoms and diaphragms
hormonal methods such as the pill and
IUDs, surgical sterilization (vasectomy )

Ways to Prevent Transmission of STDs

1. Contraceptive Sponge
• It is a Polyurethane foam that is soft and
resembles a disc, laced with the spermicide
nonoxynol-9 to kill sperms.
• The sponge functions as a covering for the
cervix. It is inserted, loop side down inside
the vagina before sexual intercourse.

Ways to Prevent Transmission of STDs

 The Male Condom
• Common contraceptives used by men because it
can be purchased from drugstores without
prescriptions.
• The government made condoms available to
reduce the risk of becoming pregnant or getting
infected by STDs.
 The Female Condom

• One of the few types of contraception that can be

bought over-the-counter at pharmacies and
grocery stores.
• Known as internal condom which provides dual
protection from unintended pregnancy and
sexually transmitted infections.
 Diaphragm
• A soft silicon cap placed inside the vagina so that it
prevents the sperm from getting into the uterus.
• Spermicide is put into the bowl of the diaphragm
before inserting it into the vagina so it covers the
cervix.
• Doctor’s prescription needed
Cervical Cap

• Thimble-shaped latex cup, basically like a

diaphragm but smaller.
• Also needs to be used with a spermicide.
• Different articles highlight that it must remain in
the vagina at least 6 hours after intercourse, but it
also has to be taken out within 48 hours after.
Pills

• one of the most popular forms of female

contraception.
• Taking this will prevent one from getting pregnant
especially when doctor’s advice is strictly
followed.
• Intake of the pill results in changes in the uterus
lining and cervical mucus brought by the
combined effect of estrogen and progestin.
Patch (Transdermal patch)
• A hormone releasing patch. It releases progestin
and estrogen straight into the bloodstream.
• Can be put on different parts of the body such as
lower abdomen, buttocks, outer arm, or upper
body.
• It is suggested that the patch must be replaced
once every three weeks.
 Shot/Injection
• hormone progestin is injected every three months
in the buttocks or arms in order to stop possible
fertilization.
• Constant usage of this method may bring
temporary bone density loss but it can also be
stopped once shots are not taken.
Vaginal Ring

• Hormones progestin and estrogen are produced

by the thin and flexible vaginal ring.
• It is placed inside the vagina after it has been
squeezed between the thumb and index finger
and worn for three weeks.
 Implantable Rods
• Looks like matchsticks that are flexible placed
under the upper arm skin.
• Blocks fertilization by causing deviations in the
uterus lining and cervical mucus.
• Effectivity of implantable rods lasts for about five
years.
 Intrauterine Device (IUD)
• There are two types of IUDs: hormonal or copper-based
devices.
Hormonal IUD: progestin is produced in the uterus,
blocking fertilization and causing uterus lining to thicken
Cooper IUD: Copper wire coiled around the device
produces an inflammatory reaction that is toxic to sperm and
eggs.
• It can be kept inside the vagina for up to five or ten years
respectively.

 
 Sterilization Implant

• The first non-surgical method of women sterilization.

• Done by placing into each fallopian tube a spring-like
device that is small enough to be threaded by a thin tube.
In the coiled part, scar tissues that take three months to
form prevents fertilization by blocking the fallopian tubes.
 Surgical Sterilization
• Involves cutting, tying, or sealing the fallopian
tubes in women, in order to block the egg cells
from travelling down to the uterus.
• In men’s vasectomy, no sperm comes out during
ejaculation. After surgery, semen analysis can be
done to be sure if sperms are already gone.
 Emergency Contraception
• Also termed as “morning pill”
• It must be taken right away after having
unprotected intercourse within 3 days.
• It functions by preventing ovulation or blocking the
sperm from uniting with the egg.
end