“Winning Hundreds of

Battles is not the Acme of

Skills… Winning Without
Fighting is the Acme of
Skills.”
-Sun Tzu -
AFP Civil-Military Operations Doctrine

Psychological Operations Manual

Public Affairs Manual

Public Information Handbook

US Joint Publication 3-57 (CMO)

• At the end of the
presentation, we will be
able to –
– Level our understanding of CMO
– Clearly differentiate the CMO pillars
– Review the CMO process
Definition of CMO

The CMO Triangle

CMO Pillars

Review of the CMO Process

PA CMO Structures
• …planned activities undertaken
independently or in coordination with
civilian entities…
• to weaken the will of the enemy to fight
and gain popular support
• in support to the
accomplishment of the
AFP mission.
• The activities of a commander

• Establish collaborative relationships among military

forces, governmental and nongovernmental civilian
organizations and authorities, and the civilian populace
in a friendly, neutral, or hostile operational area

• Facilitate military operations nested in support of the

overall national objectives.

• May include performance by military forces of activities

and functions normally the responsibility of local,
regional, or national government.
• Shift in policy initiatives, national
security, military strategies, and military
doctrine

• Growing appreciation of the need to

leverage more non-military instruments
of national power, derived from the
interagency process and the private
sector, entailing a more holistic, and
balanced strategy.
• CMO support to counterinsurgency
operations involve decisive and timely
employment of military capabilities to
perform traditionally non-military activities
that assist the government in depriving
insurgents of their greatest weapon,
dissatisfaction of the populace.
 Effective CMO require extensive liaison and
coordination between the military, engaged GA’s,
NGO’s or the private sector to ensure mutual
understanding and unity of purpose and action.
 Operations- Integration of CMO into the combat
commander’s plans and orders ensures all
government activities are considered and
coordinated, and that strategic, operational, and
tactical level CMO are conducted to create the
maximum effect.

CMO minimizes civilian interference and

help hasten an end to hostilities and attempt to
limit collateral damage on the population and
institutions from combat operations.
 Military commanders must consider not
only the military forces, but also the
environment in which those forces operate.

One factor of the environment that

commanders must consider is the civilian
populace and its impact . whether it is
supportive, neutral, or hostile to the presence
of military forces. A supportive populace can
provide resources that facilitate friendly
operations.
 Intelligence- mutually enhancing, yet highly
sensitive.

intelligence operations and CMO are an

inherent mission for all military personnel.

With the rise of the importance of CMO to

human intelligence and the concept of cultural
intelligence, the role of CMO in the intelligence
preparation of the operational environment
process has likewise accelerated.
 In order to protect the credibility of
their operations and for force protection
reasons, CMO personnel should not be
directly involved in intelligence-gathering in
any way.

Intelligence operators in the field

operating openly and directly with CMO
could also place other personnel in support
of CMO and their mission at great risk.
• Imperative
• principles
• Psychological Operations
- weakens will of enemy and supporters
- Changes behavior of TA in favor of AFP
• Civil Affairs
- Legitimizes AFP presence and activities
- mitigates impact of operations
• Public Affairs
- Ensures that the public is well informed
- Actively builds the reputation of the AFP
 ENEMY

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Counter Propaganda
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Community Relations Civil Relations

PUBLIC/ RELATIONSHIP CIVIL AUTHORITIES,

COMMUNITY NGOs,LGUs.
Public’s Needs
Pillars of CMO

PsyOps

CMO
Public Civil
Affairs Affairs
 ENEMY AND MASSBASE

Tips:
Target Audiences
PsyOps

CMO
Public Civil
Affairs Affairs

PUBLIC/ CIVIL AUTHORITIES,

COMMUNITY NGOs,LGUs.
Public’s Needs
 ENEMY AND MASSBASE

Program
Components

De
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Counter Propaganda

CMO
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Affairs Affairs
Pu

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Community Relations Civil Relations

PUBLIC/ CIVIL AUTHORITIES,

COMMUNITY NGOs,LGUs.
Public’s Needs
 ENEMY AND MASSBASE

Sides: Types of
work to be done

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Counter Propaganda
UN

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CMO
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Affairs Affairs
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Community Relations Civil Relations

PUBLIC/ RELATION CIVIL AUTHORITIES,

COMMUNITY NGOs,LGUs.
Public’s Needs
 ENEMY

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Counter Propaganda
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Community Relation Civil Relation

PUBLIC/ RELATION PUBLIC, CIVIL

COMMUNITY AUTHORITIES, NGOs,
LGUs
“I subdue my enemy by
trying to befriend him”
-Lincoln
• PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
– a CMO pillar that influences the beliefs,
emotions, attitudes, opinions and
ultimately the behavior of the enemy
and its mass base, supporters
 PsyOps Objective

• Change in TA’s Behaviour (SMART)

- Specific TA
- Measurable Behaviour
- Attainable
- Relevant to the campaign
- Time-bound
 Psychological Operations
• Disseminating the right message, to the right target
audience, using the right medium at the right time
and place.

• Target Audience and Issues Analysis (TAIA)

- Conditions of TA
- Issues
- Attitudes of TA
- Vulnerabilities of TA
 Basic PsyOps Themes in ISO

• Fear of Death
• Hardships in Jungle
• Loss of faith in victory (Futility of Struggle)
• Disillusionment (Gov’t is on the moral side)
• Concern for family
• Benefit-Harm
• In-group and out-group (Leaders vs Troops)
• WORDS PsyOps

• DEEDS PsyOps

• Counter Propaganda
involves the dissemination of any information,
concept or idea through the various media
- Print
- Audio
- Video
- Internet

it can also be called as “ communication

products”
• leaflets

• Internet/
Video

• Broadcast/
Audio
involves the conduct of combat and non-
combat activities that have psychological
impact

it can also be called as “ actions”

• Combat
activities (Show
of Force)

• Non-combat
activities
• aimed at neutralizing the harmful effects of
the enemy’s propaganda efforts

• themes capitalize on the weaknesses and

inconsistencies of the enemy’s propaganda
• Psychological Operations
- weakens will of enemy and supporters
- Changes behavior of TA in favor of AFP
- PsyOps Objective is smart
- themes are based on TAIA
• Program Components
- Words (communicate to TA thru various media)
- Deeds (activities with psychological impact)
- Counter Propaganda (mitigates effect of en
propaganda)
 ENEMY AND MASSBASE

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CA PsyOps

TI Ci
Counter Propaganda
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Community Relation Civil Relation

PUBLIC/ RELATION PUBLIC, CIVIL

COMMUNITY AUTHORITIES, NGOs,
LGUs
“In unity, there is
strength.”
-Anonymous
• CIVIL AFFAIRS (CA)
- gain peoples’ willing cooperation, support
and confidence;
- makes the AFP responsive to the needs of
the Society
- induces peoples’ active participation in the
attainment of military objectives and national
goals.
• Civil Relations (CIVREL)

• Civic Action (CIVAC)

• Civil Relations (CIVREL)
– promotes cooperation and collaboration
– participation to civilian-initiated activities
• Inter-agency coordination

• Participation in cause-oriented initiatives

• Participation in socio-cultural activities

• Participation in national/local historical

events
•Inter-Agency
Coordination

• Caused-Oriented
Activities
• Socio-Cultural

• National/ Historical
events
• Civic Action (CIVAC)
– military-initiated
activities with
developmental and
sociological purposes
• Humanitarian
Assistance (HA)

• Environmental
Protection
• Medical & dental
services (MEDCAP)

• Engineer capability
assistance (ENCAP)
• Civil Affairs
- Legitimizes AFP presence and activities
- mitigates impact of operations

• Program Components
- CIVREL (builds good relations with
stakeholders)

- CIVAC (helps address needs of society)

 ENEMY

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Affairs Affairs

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Community Relation Civil Relation

PUBLIC/ RELATION PUBLIC, CIVIL

COMMUNITY AUTHORITIES, NGOs,
LGUs
 “Public sentiment is
everything. With public
sentiment, nothing can
fail; without it, nothing
can succeed.”
-Anonymous
• PUBLIC AFFAIRS (PA)
• info-related activities directed to the
external public
• establish and maintain constructive
relations with the communities
• designed to gain people’s trust,
support and confidence to the
AFP
• Public Information

• Community Relations
• PUBLIC INFORMATION:

– information activities directed to

the external public to ensure a
clear, accurate, and timely
dissemination of information
• Press Releases

• Media Appearances

• Press Conferences

• Face to Face Dialogues (Symposium)

 Press Release No. 03-061 Date Released: 14 January 2010
Seven NPA Rebels Killed in Bulacan Encounter

• Press
Seven New People's Army rebels were killed in an encounter with the Philippine Army troops in Bulacan
Release early this morning.

Reports reaching the Philippine Army headquarters from field unit disclosed that at about 3:10 this
morning, elements of the 56th Infantry Battalion, 7th Infantry Division encountered more or less 30 local
terrorist group members operating in the province of Bulacan at Sitio Talamsi 1, Brgy Kalawakan, Dona
Remedios Trinidad. The one-hour firefight resulted to seven enemy killed including the leader of said
group identified as alias Macmac. The Army troops also recovered five M16 rifles, two M14 rifles, and
an M203 grenade launcher as a result of the encounter.

There were no reported casualties on the government side.

This decisive tactical engagement can be attributed to the unrelenting efforts of the Philippine Army, in
partnership with all the stakeholders, in their continuing pursuit for peace and development. With the
gains incurred by the Philippine Army, it is confident that it can reduce insurgency to insignificance this
2010. #
 US ARMY CHIEF HONORED. Army Chief Lt Gen
Delfin N Bangit awards the Philippine Army Combat
• Photo Commander's "Kagitingan" Badge Level of Service
Command to US Army Pacific (USARPAC)

Release commanding general, Lt Gen Benjamin R Mixon

during the latter's visit at the Philippine Army
headquarters in Fort Bonifacio yesterday afternoon,
January 26. #

• Media
Appearance
• Face to Face
dialogue

• Press
Conference
• COMMUNITY RELATIONS:

– establishes and maintains constructive

relations with the communities through
information activities in order to promote
the AFP’s objectives
• Production of information materials
• Military participation in community assemblies
• Public Symposiums (Face to Face)
• Photo and Static Displays
• Others
-- Open houses
– Briefings
– news tours or guest cruise
– Special demonstrations/plays
– military exercises,
– parades, concerts, etc.
• The focus of AFP Public Affairs activities is
to ensure that the role of the AFP in national
affairs is clearly conveyed to the general
public, to include the AFP personnel and
military community, who are the main
stakeholders of the AFP military service..
• Public Affairs
- Ensures that the public is well informed
- Actively builds the reputation of the AFP

• Program Components
- Public Information
- Community Relations
CMO PROCESS
 CMO
PROCESS
Receive and Analyze
the Mission
Conduct Situation
Analysis
Conduct TAIA
Conduct CMO Assessment

Make CMO Estimate

Obtain Cmdr’s
Guidance
Make CMO Plan

Approval/ Execute

Supervise/ Evaluate
MILITARY DECISION TROOP LEADING
MAKING PROCESS PROCEDURE

Receipt of Mission WARNO Receive the Mission

Mission Analysis Issue WARNO

COA Development WARNO Make Tentative Plan

COA Analysis Initiate Movement

COA Comparison WARNO Conduct Reconnaissance

COA Approval Complete the Plan

WARNO
Issue the Order
Orders Production
Supervise
 MILITARY
DECISION CMO TROOP
MAKING PROCESS LEADING
PROCESS PROCEDURE
Receipt of Receive and Analyze Receive the
WARNO
the Mission WARNO
Mission Mission
Mission Conduct Situation
Analysis Issue WARNO
Analysis WARNO

COA Conduct CMO WARNO Make Tentative

Development Assessment Plan
Make CMO Initiate
COA Analysis WARNO
Estimate Movement
Conduct
COA Obtain Cmdr’s WARNO Reconnaissan
Comparison Guidance
WARNO ce
Complete the
COA Approval Make CMO Plan WARNO
Plan

WARNO Issue the

WARNO Order
Orders Approval/
Production Execute
Supervise/ Supervise
Evaluate
 CMO TROOP LEADING
PROCEDURE
PROCESS
Receive and Analyze WARN Receive the Mission
the Mission O
Conduct Situation Issue WARNO
Analysis
WARN
Conduct CMO Assessment O Make Tentative Plan

Make CMO Estimate Initiate Movement

Obtain Cmdr’s WARN

Conduct Reconnaissance
Guidance O
WARN Complete the Plan
Make CMO Plan
O

WARN Issue the Order

O
Approval/ Execute
Supervise
Supervise/ Evaluate
MILITARY DECISION
MAKING PROCESS
CMO
PROCESS
Receipt of Mission WARN Receive and Analyze
O the Mission
Mission Analysis WARN Conduct Situation
Analysis
O
COA Development Conduct CMO Assessment
WARN
COA Analysis O Make CMO Estimate

COA Comparison Obtain Cmdr’s

WARN Guidance
O
COA Approval Make CMO Plan
WARN
O

Orders Production Approval/ Execute

Supervise/ Evaluate
• Define CMO

• Three Pillars of CMO

• Target Audiences of each Pillar

• Program Components of each Pillar

•CMO Process (RCCMOMAS)

 Resolving national security
issues in the evolving strategic
environment of the 21st century
increasingly requires the full range of
diplomatic, informational, military, as
well as, economic solutions.