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Group 2 Creative Writing
Group 2 Creative Writing
Various Elements,
Techniques, and
Literary Devices in
Specific Forms of
Poetry
What is Poetry?
Presentation of Themes
– the feelings of the main character about the subject
written about
– through the thoughts and conversations of different
characters
– the experiences of the main character in the course of a
literary work
– the actions and events taking place in a narrative
Functions of Themes
– binds together various other essential elements of a
poem
– is a truth that exhibits universality and stands true
for people of all cultures
– gives readers better understanding of the main
character’s conflicts,
experiences, discoveries, and emotions
– gives readers an insight into how the world works or
human life can be viewed
Theme Vs Subject
– A poem’s subject is the topic of the poem, or what the poem
is about
– The theme is an idea that the poem expresses about the
subject or uses the subject to explore
Example:
– So, for example, in the Edgar Allan Poe poem “The Raven”,
the subject is the raven, who continually repeats a single word
in response to the speaker’s questions.
– The theme of the poem, however, is the irreversibility of
death—the speaker asks the raven, in a variety of ways,
whether or not he will see his dead beloved again, to which the
raven always replies “nevermore.”
Tone
In fact, it suggests two attitudes: one concerning the people
you’re addressing (your audience) and the other concerning
the thing you’re talking about (your subject).
That’s what the term tone means when it’s applied to poetry
as well. Tone can also mean the general emotional weather of
the poem.
– the attitude expressed in a poem that a reader sees and
feels
– the writer’s attitude toward the subject or audience
A. STRUCTURE
Blank Verse:
“ Written in lines of iambic pentameter but does NOT use
end rhyme.
‘’ With METER without end RHYME
B. SOUND
Rhythm is the basic beat in a line of a poem.
Example: Edgar Allan Poe's "Alone," which is a poem where the meter
is iambic, and Emily Dickinson's "Will There Really Be a Morning?" that
is trochaic.
TYPES OF FEET
The types of feet are determined by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed
syllables.
TYPES OF FEET
1. trochee (adjective form, trochaic) stressed-unstressed
a. Never/ never/ never/ never/ never
b. In the/ spring a/ young man's/ fancy/ lightly/ turns to/ thoughts of/ love.
(In spite of a few feet where the stress is debatable, especially foot 3, this
poem is generally trochaic, as a look at the rest of it would show. It is very
common to omit the final unstressed syllable in this meter; see c. under
accentual syllabic above.)
2. anapest (anapestic) unstressed-unstressed-stressed
a. It was man/y and man/y a year/ ago (The variation in the last
foot is common.)
b The Assyr/ian came down/ like a wolf/ on the fold,
And his co/horts were gleam/ing in purp/le and gold.
Rhythm is the beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem. It can be
created by meter, rhyme, alliteration, and refrain.
There are five types of rhythm, but we will just focus with Accentual-syllabic.
The number of syllables and the number of accents is both counted, and the
stressed
and unstressed syllables are usually alternated in a consistent pattern. When
we think of poetry in English, this is the form we think of, and it is the most
common form from the time of Chaucer to the advent of free verse in the
late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries:
a. And justify the ways of God to men. (5 accents, 10 syllables)
b. And malt does more than Milton can (4 accents, 8 syllables)
To justify God's ways to man.
c. Wake: the silver dusk returning (4 accents, 8 syllables with final
Up the beach of darkness brims. unstressed syllables in lines 2 & 4
And the ship of sunrise burning omitted, a common variation)
Strands upon the eastern rims.
4. After you have found the stressed and unstressed syllables, you may then put
strokes between the feet to determine the meter. The meter depends on the Type
and Number of feet in a line. In the example below, the type of foot has an
unstressed syllable followed by a stressed, and there are five such feet. The meter
would therefore be labeled iambic pentameter (iambic for the type of foot and
pentameter for the number).
The cur/ few tolls/ the knell/ of part/ ing day.
End Rhyme has same or similar sounds at the end of words that finish different
lines.
Example:
Robert Herrick:
Bid me to weep, and I will weep
While I have eyes to see
And having none, yet I will keep
A heart to weep for thee
Internal Rhyme has same or similar sounds at the end of words within a line.
Example: "I drove myself to the lake / and dove into the water."
Example: A quatrain – a stanza of four lines in which the second and fourth lines
rhyme – has the following rhyme scheme: abcb (see Quatrain).
The Germ by Ogden Nash
Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds within words in a line. Example: A line
showing assonance (underlined) from “A Visit from Saint Nicholas” by Clement
Clarke Moore:
The children were nestled all snug in their beds
Sounds of a for words like Lake Fate Base Fad
How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood?
Word Play is to play with the sounds and meanings of real or invented words.
Example: Two lines from the poem “Synonyms” by Susan Moger:
C. ELEMENTS OF FICTION
(Poems may contain some or all elements of fiction. For example, a narrative poem
(a poem that tells a story) may contain all elements.)
Setting is the time and place where a story or poem takes place.
Point of View / Narrative Voice is the person narrating a story or poem (the
story/poem could be narrated in first person (I, we), second person (you), or third
person limited or omniscient (he/she, they).
Dialect or Colloquial Language is the style of speaking of the narrator and the
characters in a story or poem (according to their region, period, and social
expectations).
Tone and Voice are the distinctive, idiosyncratic way a narrator has of telling a
story or poem (tone and voice depend on the intended audience, the purpose for
writing, and the way the writer or poem feels about his/her subject).
Mood is the feelings and emotions the writer wants the reader to experience.
Theme and Message are the main topic of a story or poem, and the message the
author or poet wants to convey about that topic.
D. FORMS OF POETRY
1. Found poems are created through the careful selection and organization of
words and phrases from existing text. These take existing texts and refashion
them, reorder them, and present them as poems. The literary equivalent of a
collage found poetry is often made from newspaper articles, street signs, graffiti,
speeches, letters, or even other poems.
SOURCE: https://examples.yourdictionary.com/found-poem
examples.html
2. Tanaga is a type of Filipino poem which consists of four lines with seven syllables
each with the same rhyme at the end of each line. It has a 7-7-7-7 syllabic verse,
with commonly an AABB rhyme scheme.
2. Inumit na salapi
Walang makapagsabi
Kahit na piping saksi
Naitago na kasi.
– Like the Japanese haiku, Tanagas traditionally do not have any titles.
– They are poetic forms that should speak for themselves.
– Most are handed down by oral history, and contain proverbial forms,
morals, and snippets of a code of ethics. – A poetic form similar to the tanaga is the
ambahan.
– Unlike the ambahan whose length is indefinite, the tanaga is a compact
seven-syllable quatrain.
3. Diona is an ancient form of poetry that is composed of 7 syllables for every
verse/line, 3 verses/lines for every stanza, and has a single rhyme scheme.
Sa kasalukuyan, tinatanggap ang diona bilang isang tulang may pitong pantig at
tatlong taludtod. Iisa ang tugmaan nito (pero may mga makabagong diona na
hindi na rin ito sinusunod). At sari-sari na ang tema.
1. Kung ang aso hinahanap
Pag nagtampo’t naglayas
Ikaw pa kaya anak.
– Ferdinand Bajado
4. Haiku is a Japanese poem written in three lines followong the Five Syllables,
Seven Syllables and Five Syllables. Often focusing on images from nature, haiku
emphasizes simplicity, intensity, and directness of expression.
SOURCE: SOURCE:
https://www.teachingexpertise.com/ https://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Haiku-
classroom-ideas/haiku-examples-for- Poem
middle-school/
5. An Acrostic poem is a poem where the first letters of each line spell out a word or
phrase vertically that acts as the theme or message of the poem. Sometimes a
word or phrase can also be found down the middle or end of the poem, but the
most common is at the beginning. A lot of people use these poems to describe
people or holidays, and lines can be made up of single words or phrases. Acrostic
poems do not follow a specific rhyme scheme, so they are easier to write.
A FRIEND
F is for the fun we had together
R is for the relaxing time we shared together
I is for the interesting moments we had
E is for the entertaining time we spent
N is for the never-ending friendship that we'll have
D is for the days we'll never forget
6. A sonnet is a poem that has 14 lines and follows a specific rhyme scheme. It
comes from the Italian word that means “little song.” There are various types of
sonnets, and each one is formatted a little differently, following various rhyme
schemes. The three main types are the Italian (or Petrarchan) sonnet, the English
(or Shakespearean) sonnet, and the Spenserian sonnet. They are named after the
poets who made them famous. These forms have been around since the sixteenth
century. The poem is written in three quatrains and ends with a couplet.
How Do I Love Thee?
By Elizabeth Barrett Browning
How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight
For the ends of being and ideal grace.
I love thee to the level of every day's
Most quiet need, by sun and candlelight.
I love thee freely, as men strive for right;
I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.
I love with a passion put to use
In my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith.
I love thee with a love I seemed to lose
https:// With my lost saints, I love thee with the breath,
en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/
Smiles, tears, of all my life! and, if God choose,
Elizabeth_Barrett I shall but love thee better after death.
7. Concrete Poem is a poem that uses words to form the shapeo
the subject of the poem (also known as a “shape poem”).
8. Lyric Poem is a short poem that usually written in first person point of view
and expresses an emotion or an idea or describes a scene. It does not tell a
story and are often musical.
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
BY WILLIAM WORDSWORTH
I wandered lonely as a cloud The waves beside them danced; but
That floats on high o'er vales and hills, they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
When all at once I saw a crowd, A poet could not but be gay,
A host, of golden daffodils; In such a jocund company:
Beside the lake, beneath the trees, I gazed—and gazed—but little thought
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. What wealth the show to me had
brought:
Continuous as the stars that shine
For oft, when on my couch I lie
And twinkle on the milky way,
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They stretched in never-ending line
They flash upon that inward eye
Along the margin of a bay:
Which is the bliss of solitude;
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
And dances with the daffodils.
William Wordsworth
https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/
william-wordsworth-37.php
9. Cinquain is a five-line untitled poem, where the syllable pattern
increases by two for each line, except for the last line, which ends
in two syllables (2,4,6,8.2).
https://hail.to/parkview-school/article/0r5v7El
9. Narrative Poem is a form of poetry that tells a story, often making the voices
of a narrator and characters as well; the entire story is usually written in
metered verse. Narrative poems do not need rhyme.
You see, you feel you're useless To me, though no one sees.
To me you always make sense
You think you're born for nothing But why you cannot accept it?
To me you're here for something. Look from your head down to your
feet
That is a proof that love is blind
I bet you are one of a kind You'll see I'm right, you're perfect
Don't ask me how, don't ask me why At any angle, you have it.
My whole just did and I can't fly.
As said again, love is really blind
Best description that fits And I think I was gone with this tide
Just perfect, yes it is But why mine is too deep to get
Nothing more, nothing less Though this is the thing I won't
regret?