Davao Oriental State University

Institute of Education and Teacher Training

Mathematics

CSA 100:
Communication and Skills Appraisal for Gen. Ed.
Courses
 Coverage

01 02
>LCM
05
>Fractions
>Mixed Numbers
>GCF/GCD
>Operations on Real Numbers
>Polynomials 07
>Plane
Trigonometry
06 >Intro to
03 04 >Laws of
Exponents
Probability Theory
>Ratio and
>Divisibility of >Mesurations of
Proportion
Numbers Plane Figures
>Percentage >Numbers Series
Fractions
In Mathematics, fractions are defined as
the parts of a whole. The whole can be an
object or a group of objects.
A fraction is a word that is originated
from Latin. In Latin, “Fractus” means
“broken”. In ancient times, the fraction
was represented using words. Later, it was
introduced in numerical form.
The fraction is also termed as a portion or
section of any quantity. It is denoted by
using ‘/’ symbol, such as a/b. For example,
in 2/4 is a fraction where the upper part
denotes the numerator and the lower part
is the denominator.
 Parts of Fraction

Addition
Multiplication

Subtraction
Walang Kinikilingan
(Impartiality)
 Types of Fraction
06

05
Proper Fraction Improper Fraction 04

1/2 3/2
03
Mixed Fraction
Like Fractions
02

½ & 2/4

Unlike Fractions Equivalent 01

½ & 1/3 Fractions

 Rules for Simplification of Fractions
z

Rule #2: When Rule #3: When we

Rule #1: Before
adding or subtracting
we multiply two divide a fraction
fractions, we should fractions, then from another
make sure that the the numerators fraction, we have to
denominators are equal. find the reciprocal
Hence, the addition
are multiplied as of another fraction
and subtraction of well as the and then multiply
fractions are possible denominators are with the first one to
with a common
denominator.
multiplied. Later get the answer.
simplify the
fraction.
 Adding Fraction
1.
2.
=
= =
=
LCD:
3: 3, 6, 9, 12…
4: 4, 8, 12, 16…
 Subtracting Fraction

1.
2.
= =

= =
=
LCD:6: 6, 12, 18, 24…03
12: 12, 24, 32…
 Subtracting Fraction

3.
4.
=
=
= = ÷4
=
LCD: 03
10: 10, 20, 30, 40…
4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20…
 Multiplying Fraction

(a/b) x (c/d) = (axc)/(bxd) = (ac/bd)

1.
=
=
=
 Dividing Fraction

1. If a/b and c/d are two different fractions, then the division a/b by c/d can be expressed
as: (a/b)÷(c/d) = (a/b)x(d/c) = (ad/bc)

1.
=
=
 MIXED
NUMBERS
Mixed Numbers

A mixed number is a whole number,

and a proper fraction represented
together.  It generally represents a
number between any two whole
numbers. 
 Parts of Mixed Numbers

Properties of Mixed
Numbers:
>It is a partly whole number.
>It is partly a fraction.
Converting Improper Fractions
into Mixed Numbers
 Adding Mixed Numbers

Method 2
Method 1 1 +3
2. 1 +3
1. 1
=(1+3)+(
= =4 + ()
= =4+ -long division
= =4 +

= =5

LCD:
2: 2, 4, 6, 8…
4: 4, 8, 12, 16…
 Subtracting Mixed Numbers

Method 2
Method 1 9
1. 9 2. 9
= =(9-5) + (
= =(4) + ()
= = 4 + -long division
=4 =4

LCD:
2: 2, 4, 6, 8…
4: 4, 8, 12, 16…
 Multiplying Mixed Numbers

4 1. 4
=
=
=28
=28
 Dividing Mixed Numbers

9 2. 9
8
=
1. 8
=
=
=
= 35/4 × 3/7 - reciprocate
=2
= - reciprocate
=
=3
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MARAMING
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