THEME:

Hydrothermal Alterations

COURSE:
Mineral Deposit

TEACHER:
SALAS MEDINA, José Antonio

STUDENT:
SALVADOR ARMAS, Juan Gabriel
INTRODUCTION
• Geological processes develop in a
constant search for physical-chemical
balance.
FACTORS
• Temperature: at high
temperature, the greater the effect
on the mineral.

• Fluid composition: the lower the

pH, the greater the effect on the
original minerals.
FACTORS
• Permeability: a compact and
impermeable rock cannot be
invaded by fluids; but they can
produce a hydraulic fracture in
the rock.
FACTORS
• Duration of water and rock
interaction: the longer the fluids
circulate, the more complete the
mineralogical modifications will
be.
INITIATION
• The aqueous solution without the
presence of complex ions will not
have the capacity to incorporate
metals and therefore deposits are
not formed.
INITIATION
• The aqueous solution with the
presence of complex ions (Cl-,
HS-, NH3, OH- and CH3COO-),
transport metals as chloride or
sulfide complexes and as a
consequence deposits can be
formed.
FORMATION PROCESS
1. The existence of a source of
elements of economic interest.

2. Existence of hydrothermal
solutions that serve as a means
of transport or diffusion of
valuable elements.
FORMATION PROCESS
3. Existence of open spaces for
the formation of minerals.

4. The existence of a geochemical

trap causes the crystallization
of minerals with valuable
elements.
END OF THE PRESENTATION
Thank you very much to all.