MOST IMPORTANT

EXAM POINTS
• Orientation
• Why DHS/DME
Miracle plans
• LIVE CLASS
• Question work out
• Daily questions
• UPDATES
• Grand test
• Monthly tests
• Mentorships
• Packages
 Father/ Contributors
• Father of medicine/ First true epidemiologist- Hippocrates
• Father of Indian surgery- Susrutha
• Chinese medicine- barefoot doctors.
• Yin & Yang- pioneers of immunization & acupuncture.
• Father of public health- Cholera
• Father of microbiology- Louis Pasteur
• Father of medical microbiology- Robert Koch
• Father of epidemiology- John Snow
• Multifactorial causation- Petenkoffer
• Web of causation – Mc Mohan & Pugh
• Social medicine- term-Jules Guerin
• Father of social medicine- Rudolf Virschow
• Greek God of Medicine- Aesculapius
• Father of psychiatry- Asclepiads
• Egyptian medicine- Imhotep
• Greek medicine- Hippocrates
• Frocastoro- Founder of epidemiology
• Anton Von Leeuwenhoek-First microscope
• Ruska- first electron microscope
• Father of obstetric ultrasound- Ian Donald
• Father of modern toxicology-Mahieu Orfila
• Father of physiology – Claude Bernard
• Growth chart-David Morley
• First polio vaccine- Jonas Salk
• Life cycle of malarial Parasite-Ronald Ross
• Plasmodium- CA Laveran
• Term “Vaccination”- Edward Jenner
• Term “Vaccine”-Louis Pasteur
 Diseases and other name
• Barometer of social welfare, Pott’s disease, Koch
disease, white plague
• Father of public health, Blue death
• Black death, black fever, black water fever
• Slims disease/GRID
• Break borne fever
• 100 day cough
• Monkey fever
• Hansen’s disease
• Father of anatomy-Andreas Vesalius
• Father of modern surgery- Ambroise Pare
• Father of psychoanalysis- Sigmund Freud
 Vaccines &
Immunity
Active immunity
a.Natural – natural exposure to disease
b.Artificial- Immunization, vaccination
Passive immunity
a.Immunoglobulins
b.Antisera
 Live attenuated
• Mumps
vaccines
• Yellow fever
• Rubella
• Oral Polio; Oral typhoid
• Measles
• Endemic Typhus
• TB vaccine(BCG)
• Rubella
• Influenza
• Plague

MY ROME TRIP (Mnemonic)

5
 Inactivated / killed
• Typhoid
vaccine
• Cholera
• Pertussis
• CS meningitis
• Plague
• Rabies
• Salk (Polio
vaccine)
• Influenza
• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• JE
6
• Vaccines stored in freezer compartment – Polio &
measles
• Vaccines stored in COLD part and never allowed to
freeze– BCG, DPT, Tetatus, DT.
• Polio vaccine is the most sensitive to heat (-20
C)
• Temperature range of refrigerator is +2 to +8
(except polio)
 X ray signs and
X ray signs/conditions
diagnostic signs Disease condition
Boot shaped heart TOF
Egg on side appearance Transposition of Great arteries

Ground glass appearance RDS/HMD

Cottage- loaf sign/‘snow man’ or ‘ Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous

figure of 8’ sign Connection

Box Shaped Heart Ebstein’s anomaly

Steeple sign Croup

Cherry red epiglottis on laryngoscopy Croup

Honey comb appearance Bronchiectasis

Flask shaped/pear shaped/money bag/leather Pericardial effusion
bottle shaped heart

Jug handle appearance Primary pulmonary artery hypertension

3 like appearance Coarctation of aorta

Egg in cup appearance Constrictive pericarditis

Pericardial calcification Constrictive pericarditis

Bat’s wing appearance Pulmonary edema

Pruned tree appearance(of pulmonary Pulmonary artery hypertension

circulation)

Step ladder or stair case pattern in X ray Intussusception

 Names of surgery &
Conditions
• Blalock-Taussing shunt: TOF Anastomosing
subclavian artery with pulmonary artery
• Pott’s Operation: TOF Anastomosing
descending aorta to Pulmonary artery
• Water Stan Surgery: TOF Anastomosing
ascending aorta with right pulmonary artery.
• Beffe’s operation: TGA (Vena caval
anastomosis to LA & Pulm. Vein to RA
• Modified Fontan- Tricuspid atresia- creating
an outlet from right atrium
• Ventriculoperitoneal(VP) shunt, Ventriculoatrial
shunt- Hydrocephalus
• Ramstedt’s Procedure- Fredet-Ramstedt extra-
mucosal Pyloromyotomy- Pyloric stenosis
• Hydrostatic Reduction- Saline reduction in
Intussusception
• Swenson’s procedure, Duhamel’s procedure [ Pulling
down bowel behind the lower aganglionic
Segment],Soave’s procedure-
Hirschsprung’s disease
 X ray signs and
X ray signs/conditions
diagnostic signs Disease condition
Boot shaped heart TOF
Egg on side appearance Transposition of Great arteries

Ground glass appearance RDS/HMD

Cottage- loaf sign/‘snow man’ or ‘ Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous

figure of 8’ sign Connection

Box Shaped Heart Ebstein’s anomaly

Steeple sign Croup

Cherry red epiglottis on laryngoscopy Croup

Honey comb appearance Bronchiectasis

Flask shaped/pear shaped/money bag/leather Pericardial effusion
bottle shaped heart

Jug handle appearance Primary pulmonary artery hypertension

3 like appearance Coarctation of aorta

Egg in cup appearance Constrictive pericarditis

Pericardial calcification Constrictive pericarditis

Bat’s wing appearance Pulmonary edema

Pruned tree appearance(of pulmonary Pulmonary artery hypertension

circulation)

Step ladder or stair case pattern in X ray Intussusception

Theories:
Psychosexual development theory - Sigmund Freud
Psychosocial development theory - Erik Erikson
Cognitive Development theory - Jean Piaget
Moral Development theory -Lawrence Kohlberg
Spiritual development theory -Thompson & Randall
• 3C- Coughing, Choking, Cyanosis is seen in TEF
• 3 Ps- Projectile Vomiting,Palpable mass, Olive like
mass,Visible gastric peristalsis, propagating from
left to right- seen in Pyloric stenosis
• Red current jelly like stools,Sausage shaped mass
on right upper quadrant,Bilious vomiting seen in
Intussusception
• Ribbon like stools, pellet like stools- Hirschsprung’s
disease
• Brush field’s spot (iris lesion) – gray, light yellow spot at the
periphery of iris, Single crease on the palm (simian crease)- Down
syndrome
• Horse shoe kidney is seen in Edwards syndrome
• Low fat food- Hirsch sprung disease
• restricted protein, salt and fluid intake-
Glomerulonephritis
Type of stool Condition
Rice water diarrhea Cholera
Pea soup stools Typhoid
Ribbon shaped stool Hirschsprung disease
Currant jelly stool Intussusception
Diarrhea with mucus and blood Dysentery
Steatorrhea (oil droplets on toilet water) Pancreatic insufficiency/ liver disease
Watery diarrhea Celiac disease
 Vector Disease
Anopheles mosquito Malaria
Culex mosquito JE, West Nile fever, Bancroftian filariasis
Aedes mosquito Yellow fever, Dengue, DHF, Chikungunya
Sand fly Kala azar
Tsetse fly Sleeping sickness
Soft tick Q fever
Itch mite Scabies
Cyclops Guinea form disease
 Pediatric Chromosomal
Disorders
Trisomy 21 - Down syndrome
Trisomy 18 - Edwards syndrome (common)
Trisomy 13 - Patau Syndrome
Trisomy 8 - Warkany syndrome XXX - Triple X
Syndrome
XO - Turner syndrome
XXY – Klinefelter’s Syndrome.
 Day
diseases
• First disease: Measles/ Rubeola
• Second disease: Scarlet fever
• Third disease: Rubella
• Fourth disease: Ritter’s disease/SSS
• Fifth disease: Erythema infectiosum
• Sixth disease: Roseola infantum
 Color coding of all gas
cylinders
Oxygen – white shoulder, black
body Nitrous oxide- Light blue
Medical air- Black and white
Suction- Yellow
Nitrogen- Black Carbondioxide-
Grey Helium- Brown