SEVADAL MAHILA

MAHAVIDYALAYA
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
Topic:
Dyes
Presented by:
Dr(Mrs) P. P. Chahande
 CONTENTS:
Introduction
Classification
Classification of dyes
Otto Witts Theory
Preparation of various dyes
INTRODUTION
Dyes are coloured organic compounds that are used to impart colour to various
substrates, including paper, leather,fur, hairs, drugs, cosmetics,waxes, greases, plastics
and textile materials.

A dye is a coloured compound, normally used in solution, which is capable of being

fixed to fabrics.
1) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE SOURCE OF
MATERIAL:-
A very common classification of the dye is based on the source of
material,
a) Natural Dyes
b) Synthetic Dyes
a)Natural Dyes
Natural dyes are dyes or colourants derived from
Plants,Invertibrates or Minerals.
The majority of natural dyes are Vegetable dyes from plant sources.
Example-Roots,Berries,Bark,Leaves ,Wood,etc.
Other organic sources include fungi and lichens.
 2) SYNTHETIC DYES:-
 
 
Almost all the colours that you see today are synthetic dyes.

Synthetic dyes are used everywhere in everything from clothes to paper, from
food to wood.

These is because they are cheaper to produce, brighter and easy to apply fabrics.

Example- Acid dyes, Azo dyes, Basis dyes, Mordant dyes

Azo dye testing

2) CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION OF DYES:-

Dyes may be classified according to the type of chromophores and

auxochromes present in their structure.
1)Nitro Dyes
2) Nitroso Dyes
3)Azo Dyes
4) Diphenyl Methane Dye
5)Triphenyl Methane Dye
6) Diphenyl Amine Dye
7) Xanthene Dye
8) Heterocyclic Dye
9) Anthraquinone Dye
10) Indigo Dye
11) Phthalocyanine Dye
12) Florescent Dye
1)NITRO DYE:-
They posses nitro(-NO2) group as chromophore and hydroxyl
(-OH) group as auxochrome.
Example-
Naphthol yellow S

2) Nitroso Dyes:-
They posses nitroso(-NO) group as chromophore and hydroxyl (-OH) group
as auxochrome.
Example-
GamblineY
3)AZO DYE:-

They contain azo group(-N=N-) as chromophore.

these azo group is present between two aromatic ring.
They are further classified on the basis of nature of
auxochrome.
a)Cationic Azo Dye:-

These are the azo dye, which contains - NH2,-NHR,-NHR2 group as auxochrome.
Example-
Crysoden G
4)DIPHENYL METHANE DYE:-

They are characterised by biphenyl methane nucleas.

They are basic dyes used as salts.
Example-
Auramine

5)Triphenyl Methane Dye:-

They posses quinonoid group as auxochrome.
Example-
Malachite Green and Crystal Vilote
10)INDIGO DYE:-
These dyes have-CO-C=C-CO- group as chromophore.
Example-
Indigo

11)Phthalocyanine Dye:-
Example-
Copper Phthalocyanine
OTTO WITTS THEORY
• It is also called as chromophore auxochrome theory
• The intrinsic colour of a compound is due to presence of certain groups containing
multiple bonds which are called chromophores
• More is the number of chromophore higher is the probability of colour
• Certain groups have a capacity to intensify the colour produced by chromophore
and called as auxochromes
• Combination of chromophore and auxochrome leads to enhanced colour
 NAPHTHALENE, Α-NAPHTHOL, 1,3-DINITRONAPHTHALENE, 2,4-
DINITRO-1NAPHTHOL
(COLOURLESS) (COLOURLESS) (PALE YELLOW) (RED
DYE)
PREPARATION OF
CONGO RED
 PREPARATION OF
PHENOLPHTHALEIN
Preparation
Uses of phenolphthalein
Phenolphthalein is used as acid- base
indicator
PREPARATION OF CRYSTAL
VIOLET
PREPARATION
OF ALIZARIN
THANKYOU!!