MATHEMATI

CS
10
Sir Jaymar D. Facun
 REVIEW

Find if = and r = .
 Rowena saves Php 200.00
in November. Each month
thereafter, she manages to
save twice more than of
what she saved the previous
month. How much is
Rowena’s savings after April?
Objective:

Divide polynomials using

Long Division method
 Division Algorithm and Synthetic Division 2.2

Division Algorithm – If P(x) and

D(x) are polynomials and D(x) ≠ 0,
then there exist unique polynomials
are Q(x) and R(x) such that;

P(x) = D(x)Q(x) + R(x)

 where either R(x) = 0
or of degree less than
that of D(x).
Dividend – the amount or
number to be divided
Divisor – the number that
divides the other number
Remainder – the left-over
number in the quotient
 EXAMPLE 1

Find Q() and R when (5+

3 - 2) is divided by (+ 1).
 Q(x) = Quotient
5x - 2
D(x) x+1
Divisor
+ 5x
-2x - 2
-2x - 2
R = Remainder
0
Therefore, Q() = 5 - 2 and
R() = 0, this implies that
+ 3 - 2 = ( + 1) (5 - 2) + 0.
 EXAMPLE 2

Find Q(x) and R when ( -

- 5+ 6) is divided by ( - 2).
 + -3 Q(x) = Quotient
D(x) -
Divisor
-5+6
-2
-3 + 6
-3 + 6
0

R = Remainder
 Therefore, Q() = + - 3 and
R() = 0, this implies that
- - 5 + 6 = ( - 2)( + - 3) + 0.
 A shorter and simpler
method of dividing a
polynomial by a binomial
in the form x - c is called
synthetic division.
 EXAMPLE 1

Divide the following

using synthetic division.
( + ) ÷ (+ )
 SOLUTION
( + 3 - 2) ÷ ( + 1); c = -1
a. Arrange the coefficients of
the polynomial in order of
descending powers of x,
supplying zero as the
coefficient of each missing
power.
b. Replace the divisor x - c
by + c.

c. Bring down the coefficient

of the largest power of x,
multiply it by c.
 Place the product beneath
the coefficient of the second
largest power of x, and add the
product to that coefficient.
Multiply this sum by c and
place it beneath the coefficient
of the next largest power of x.
 Continue this procedure
until there is a product added
to the constant term.
-1 / 5 3 -2
-5 2
5 -2 ⓪ R = Remainder
d. The last number in the third row is
the remainder, which we will
indicate by R, and other numbers,
reading from left to right, are the
coefficients of the quotient, which
is the degree one less than the
given polynomial.

Therefore, Q(x) = 5x - 2
 EXAMPLE 2
(- - 5x + 6) ÷ (x - 2)
Solution:
(- - 5x + 6) ÷ (x - 2); c = 2

2/ 1 -1 -5 6
2 2 -6

1 1 -3 0

Therefore, Q(x) = + x - 3.
 EXAMPLE 3
(3 - 7x + 12) ÷ (x - 1)
Solution: 3 - 7x + 12) ÷ (x - 1); c = 1
1/3 0 -7 12
3 3 -4
1/3 3 -4 8
Therefore, Q(x) = 3 - 3x - 4 and R(x) = 8.
 KEYNOTES
Division Algorithm
If P(x) and D(x) are polynomials
and D(x) ≠ 0, then there exist
unique polynomials are Q(x) and
R(x) such that:
where either R(x) = 0 or
of degree less than that
of D(x).
 Synthetic Division is a
shortcut method for dividing a
polynomial by a linear factor of
the form x - c. It can be used in
place of the standard long
division algorithm.