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PARTHIAN RULE
(171-227 A.D)
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 PARTHIAN RULE (171-227 A.D)
MITHRIDATES,who was one of Arsace’s successors,cornquered
Persia, Mesopotamia and Armenia, thereby founding the Parthian
Empire. Thus persia and other countries came under the Parthian
rule. While she expanding her in Asia ,she came to blows with
Rome.
 PARTHIAN RULE (171-227 A.D)
In along series of the Parthian wars, they fought Rome 53B.C to 217
A.D .PARTHIANS regarded themselves as the political heirs of the
Persian Archaemenids. Because they had no civilization of their own,
they adopted the Parthian culture. They spoke a PERSIANIAZED
LANGUAGE and used an ARAMAIC SCRIPT called PAHLUI.
The religion was Mazdaism ,a corrupted form of Zoroastrianism.

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PERSIA UNDER THE
SASSANIAN RULE
(226-624 A.D)
PERSIA UNDER THE SASSANIAN RULE
(226-624)

PERSIA under the sassanian rule in the 3rd century A.D.

declined. Ardashir led a popular revolt and overthew
Artabanus, the Parthian ruler. Ardashir founded the
Sassanian Empire. He established the Sassanian Dysnaty,
named after his illustrious grand father, SASSAN. a great
Persian chieftain who considered himself a successor of
Cyrus the Great .
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 PERSIA UNDER THE SASSANIAN
RULE (226-624)

Ardashir fought the romans in defense .He defeated the Roman

army led by Alexander Severus, a roman emperor , in Syria. The
emergence of islam in asia foreshadowed the fall of the Sassanian
Empire.After the death Muhammad, the prophet in 632, the
Muslim Arabs propagated Islam by fire and scimitar. At the battle
of the bridge, the sassanian were defeated by Muslims.

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The Early Caliphs (632-661)

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 The Early caliphs (632-661)

The death of Muhammad in 632 posed crisis for Islam. None of his
children were enthroned and entrusted with leadership. The choice
fell on Abu Bakr, the father of Muhammad's favorite second wife.
Caliph was not presumed to have supernatural power but he was
accepted as religious and political leader.He was known to be
“defender of faith.”

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 The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750)

Mu'awiyah proclaimed himself caliph even before Ali's

death. He proceeded to establish his capital at Damascus.
The Umayyad Caliphate ruled an empire which stretched
from the Indus and Syrian rivers across Western Asia and
North Africa to the Spanish Pyrenees.

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 SHI'A

The pro-Ali movement was religious as well as political. It developed a

special separatist creed which has ever since opposed the orthodox
(Sunni) interpretation of the faith. The imam, incontrast to the caliph,
was more than a temporal “defender of faith”.The conviction that the
Shi'ites were superior in religious sensitivity to the Orthodox Moslem
gave much spiritual sustenance.to the organizers of the revolt against
the Umayyad power.
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 Moslem expansion

The Umayyad government was weakened by fierce disputes among

the Umayyad leadership itself on almost every occasion when a
new caliph came into power. The campaigns were launched by the
greatest and fiercest of viceroys, Al-Hahjaj, who crushed
opposition movements in Arabia and Mesopotamia and then
launched the Persian campaigns.

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 Thank you!!!

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