Mathematics in the

Modern World
 a set of
problem-
solving
tools

a
an art
Mathematics language

is …

a “Mathematics is the alphabet

a study
process
of
of
with which God has written
patterns the universe.”
thinking
- Galileo Galilei
The elephant and the blind men
Fibonacci sequence
• Leonardo Fibonacci discovered the sequence.
• The sequence begins with zero. Each subsequent number
is the sum of the two preceding numbers.
• Thus the sequence begins as follows:
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144….
The Fibonacci spiral
• The Fibonacci spiral is constructed by placing together
rectangles of relative side lengths equaling Fibonacci
numbers.
• Recall: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13….
• A spiral can then be drawn starting from the corner of the
first rectangle of side length 1, all the way to the corner of
the rectangle of side length 13.
Golden ratio

• In mathematics and the arts, two quantities are in the golden ratio if the
ratio between the sum of those quantities and the larger one is the same
as the ratio between the larger one and the smaller.

• In this case, we refer to a very important number that is known as the

golden ratio.
• The golden ratio is a mathematical constant approximately
1.6180339887.
Golden ratio and Fibonacci numbers

Recall:
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, ...

When we divide one of the Fibonacci numbers to the previous one, we

will get results that are so close to each other.
Moreover, after the 13th number in the sequence, the ratio will be fixed at
approximately 1.618, namely the golden number.

233 / 144, 377 / 233, 610 / 377, 987 / 610, 1597 / 987, 2584 / 1597,…
Activity

• Look at the rectangular shapes on the next slide.

• Chose the one figure on each group you feel has the most
appealing dimensions.
• Chosen figure will be tallied.
Activity
Activity

• The rectangles c and d were probably the rectangles chosen as

having the most pleasing shapes.
• Measure the length of the sides of these rectangles. Find the
ratio of the length of the longer side to the length of the
shorter side for each rectangles.
• This ratio approximates the famous Golden Ratio of the ancient
Greeks.
• These special rectangles are called Golden Rectangles because
the ratio of the length of the longer side to the length of the
shorter side is the Golden Ratio.
Golden Ratio in Arts and in Nature
Golden Ratio in logos
Activity: Golden ratio in human body
Culminating Activity

• Look for Fibonacci numbers in fruits, vegetables, flowers, or

plants available in your locality. Prepare a creative
presentation of the chosen object .