Mathematics in the

Modern World
TOPICS

 Patterns and Numbers in Nature and the World

 The Fibonacci Sequence
 Patterns and Regularities in the World
 Behavior of Nature
 Mathematics for our World
 After completing this chapter, the student will be able to:

 Argue about the nature of mathematics, what it is, how it is expressed,

represented, and used.
 Discuss the concept Fibonacci and its applications
 Identify the patterns in nature and uses of mathematics in everyday life.
 Establish the relationship between the Fibonacci sequence with Golden Ratio.
 Investigate the relationship of the golden ratio and Fibonacci number in
natural world.
 Determine the application of Golden ratio in arts and architecture.
 Articulate the importance of mathematics in one’s life.
 Express appreciation for mathematics as a human endeavor.
 Support the use of mathematics in various aspects and endeavors in life.
 Affirm honesty and integrity in the application of mathematics to various
human endeavors.
… what is physical is subject to the laws of
mathematics, and what is spiritual to the
laws of God, and the laws of mathematics
are but the expression of the thoughts of
God.

- Thomas Hill
PATTERNS
Patterns

 Regular, repeated or recurring forms or designs.

 Patterns refer to usual types of procedures or rules that can be
followed.
 Patterns are useful to predict what came before or what might
come after a set of numbers that are arranged in a particular order.
 Patterns

What comes next?

 Patterns

What comes next:

1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ____ ?

A, C, E, G, I, ____ ?

15, 10, 14, 10, 13, 10, _____ ?

PATTERNS
in
NATURE
Patterns in nature are visible regularities
of form found in the natural world and
can also be seen in the universe.
Different Snowflakes
Spotted Fish
 Giraffe

Tiger

Snake
Zebra
 Typhoon
Ocean Waves

Water Riffles

Dessert Dunes
A. Symmetry

 Symmetry is when two or more parts are identical after a flip,

slide or turn.
Two Type of Symmetry
 Bilateral Symmetry –is a symmetry in which the left and right
sides of an object can be divided into approximately mirror image
of each other along the midline.

 Radial Symmetry (or rotational symmetry) – is a type of

symmetry around a fixed point known as the center and it can be
classified as either cyclic or dihedral.
 Order of Rotation

A figure has rotational symmetry of order n (n-fold rotational

symmetry) if 1/n of a complete turn leaves the figure unchanged.
B. Fractals
 Fractal is a curve or geometric figure, each part of which has the
same statistical character as the whole. It is a class of highly
irregular shapes that are related to continents, coastlines and
snowflakes. It is useful in modeling structures in which similar
patterns recur at progressively smaller scales, and in describing
partly random or chaotic phenomena such as crystal growth, fluid
turbulence, and galaxy formation.
The Honeycomb
 C. Spirals
 Logarithmic Spiral (or growth spiral) is a self-similar spiral curve which
often appears in nature. It was first described by Rene Descartes and
was later investigated by Jacob Bernoulli. Spirals are more evident in
plants. Other examples can be seen in typhoon, whirlpool, galaxy, tail
of chameleon, and shell among others.
World Population
The natural world is alive with
beautiful and amazing shapes.
These forms are all connected by a single
number.
Mathematics’ most mysterious number.
Ancient people held this number in awe
and reverence, and gave it names like

“The Divine Proportion”

and “The Golden
Ratio.”
It has inspired some of the greatest art and
architecture of all time
 It is considered to be “the most
beautiful number”
It’s found in many places in nature.
 What is this
number? Why is it
so amazing?

W h y does it show up often

in nature?

Recent research has answered this

question and revealed a deep
connection between mathematics and
Sequence

Sequence – an ordered list of numbers, called terms, that may have

repeated values.

The arrangement of these terms is set by a definite rule.

The Fibonacci Sequence and
The Golden Ratio
Fibonacci Numbers

The Fibonacci sequence

0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, …

was first discussed in Europe by Leonardo of Pisa (whose

nickname was Fibonacci) in the early 13th century, although the
sequence can be traced back to about 200 BCE in Indian literature.
This sequence has produced a large amount of literature and has
connections to many branches of mathematics.
Fibonacci numbers are said to be as one of
the nature’s numbering system, we see
arrangements and structures reflecting
Fibonacci numbers or golden ratio.
 What is the Golden Ratio?

Well, before we answer that question let's

examine an interesting sequence (or list) of
numbers.
 A mathematician, like a painter or a poet, is a maker of
patterns. If his patterns are more permanent than theirs, it
is because they are made with ideas. …The mathematician’s
patterns, like the painter’s or the poet’s, must be beautiful;
the ideas, like the colours or the words, must fit together in a
harmonious way. Beauty is the first test: there is no
permanent place in the world for ugly mathematics.
G. H. Hardy