Levels of Organization

There are 11 major systems of the human body that

keep us alive:
1. integumentary 7. circulatory
2. skeletal 8. respiratory
3. muscular 9. digestive
4. nervous 10. urinary
5. endocrine 11. reproductive
6. lymphatic/immune
Integumenary System
Structures:
- Skin, hair, sweat and oil glands
Functions:
- Forms the external body covering
- Protects internal tissues from injury
- Prevents fluid loss and protects against pathogens
- Has pain and pressure receptors
 Skeletal System
Structures:
206 bones, cartilage, and ligaments
Functions:
Protects and supports body organs
Provides a framework that muscles attach to
Hemopoiesis (synthesis of blood cells)
Mineral storage
 Muscular System
Structures:
600+ muscles and tendons
Functions:
Moves the body, facial expressions
Maintaining posture
Thermogenesis (generation of heat)
 Nervous System
Structures:
Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
Functions:
The control system of the body
Monitoring of the internal and external environment
and responding to those changes when necessary.
Maintain homeostasis
 Endocrine System
Structures:
Hormone-secreting glands
Functions:
Makes hormones that regulate growth,
reproduction, and nutrient use among other things.
 Lymphatic/Immune System
Structures:
Lymph nodes, Spleen, Thymus, White Blood Cells

Functions:
Returning “leaked” fluid back to the bloodstream
Attacks and fights off foreign invaders (bacteria)
 Circulatory System
Structures:
Heart, Blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries)
Functions:
The heart pumps blood through the blood vessels.
Blood transports nutrients, gases, wastes, hormones,
and body heat.
 Respiratory System
Structures:
Nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Functions:
Supplies the blood with O2 and removes CO2
Digestive System
Structures:
mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, salivary glands,
pancreas, liver, gallbladder
Functions:
Ingestion and subsequent breakdown of food into
absorbable units that will enter the blood for
distribution to the body’s cells
Urinary System

Structures:
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Functions:
Removal of nitrogenous waste
Regulation of body’s levels of water and electrolytes
 Reproductive System
Structures:
Male:
 Testes, scrotum, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, prostate
gland, seminal vesicles, penis
Female:
 Ovary, uterine tube, uterus, cervix, vagina
Functions:
Production of offspring