SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY

AND SOCIETY (GE 5)

Terms to remember
• Medieval - this refers to the start of Middle Ages
• Modern- this is relating or characteristic of the present.
• Pasteurization- Is a process of heat processing a liquid or a food to kill
pathogenic bacteria to make the food safe to eat. It involves heating
the food to kill most harmful microorganisms.
• Amphibious vehicle -is a vehicle that is a means of transport, viable on
land as well as on water. Amphibious vehicles include amphibious
bicycles, ATVs, cars, buses, trucks, boats and hovercraft.
• Ovicidal-
A substance or agent that kills eggs, especially the eggs of insects or
mites.
• Larvicidal- destructive to larvae
• Incubator- an apparatus for maintaining optimal conditions for growth
and development
• Ejeepney- The Electric Jeepney  is a recent development in the Philippines
that provides a sustainable, clean form of public transportation.
• Salt lamp - an environment friendly light source that runs on salt water.
• DOST-ITDI- department of Science and Technology-Industrial Technology
Development Institute plays a critical role in the standardization of
various products and materials, and in the maintenance of the accuracy
and international traceability of the various units of measurement.
• 
MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGES
• The start was marred by massive invasions and migrations
• Wars were prevalent
• Great technology was needed in the fields of weaponry, navigation,
mass food and farm production and health
• The wars have resulted in population decline, but during the latter
part of this period, there was a significant rise in population.
• Trade and commerce among nations increased (resulted in greater
demands for transportation technology)
• Some of the most innovative minds comes from this period
• The beginning of the Middle Ages is called the Dark Ages because the
great civilizations of Rome and Greece had been conquered.
Middle Ages
• A. PRINTING PRESS
• Invented by Johann Gutenberg (after the Chinese developed
woodblock printing)
• More reliable way of printing using a cast type
• a wooden machine was utilized to extract juices from fruits, attached
to them a metal impression of the letters and pressed firmly the cast
metal into a piece of paper, which then made an exact impression on
paper
• This soon evolved to be the mechanical printing press used all over the
world
• Was invented to address the need for publishing books that would
spread information to many people at faster rate
• Made works accessible to individuals who could not even write
• The printing press almost immediately changed culture, science, and
politics.
The Gutenberg Printing Press
• B. MICROSCOPE
• Growing populations caused massive migration & urbanization
• More & more people transferred to polluted & populated urban areas(resulted in
more people getting sick & needing medical attention)
• Inorder to develop proper medicines for illnesses, experts must understand the
illness through an investigation(a device that could magnify things invisible to the
eye)
• Zacharias Janssen develop the first compound microscope(guided by the principles
used for the invention of eyeglasses in earlier years)
• People were able to observe organisms that were normally unseen by the naked eye
• Key in discovering new means in preventing and curing various illnesses
• C. TELESCOPE
• Since Middle Ages was also known as the Age of Exploration, the need
for nautical inventions was high
• The ship captains needed to see far and wide for them to navigate or
to avoid dangers at sea
• Telescope is an optical instrument that helps in the observation of
remote objects, thus, great help for navigators
• Invention of compass, oars and rudders also made travelling easier
and safer
Telescope by Galileo Galilei
• D. WAR WEAPONS
• Great development in the weaponry technology occurred since war was widespread
• All sides must develop weaponries not only as offensive tools but also defensive
instruments
• For open-area battle(cross bows and long bows were developed to attack the
enemies at long ranges keeping themselves safe with the protection of walls &
fortresses)
• In close-range hand-to-hand combat, soldiers wear something to protect themselves,
(created iron body armors)
• Chainmail was invented because the body armors were heavy and limited their
movements
 Iron
Body Armour

Cross bow Iron body Long Bow

armour
Chain mail armor
MODERN TIMES
• The booming world population during the 19th century onwards demanded that
more goods be produced at a faster rate
• People needed efficient means of transportation(to trade more goods & cover a
larger distance)
• Machines that required animals to operate must be upgraded
• Faster and easier means to communicate & compute should be develop(to establish
connections between and among nations
• All these needs resulted in the development of industries
• However, massive industrialization, modern times faced more complicated problems
• Food processing and medicine posed some of the bigger challenges since health was
of great concern
• A. PASTEURIZATION
• As people develop better means of production to meet the needs of
the population, food preservation and food safety became an issue
• The challenge to keep manufactured food from deteriorating was
greater for dairy products, especially milk(spoil faster), needs to be
consumed immediately after production or they would cause illness
like diptheria, food poisoning & typhoid fever
• Transporting would also take time, so impossible to trade
PASTEURIZATION
• Louis Pasteur, a French biologist, microbiologist and chemist found a
way to solve a problem
• Invented Pasteurization(process of heating dairy products to kill the
harmful bacteria that allow them to spoil faster)
• Milk could be stored & consumed for a longer period
• Prevented illness caused by harmful bacteria
• Other contributions of Pasteur(works on molecular asymmetry,
fermentation and vaccination)
Pasteurization BY LOUIS PASTEUR
• B. PETROLEUM REFINERY
• Modern times demanded better means of powering homes, and transportation
• At first, people used animal oils for generating light to illuminate their homes but the
production of animal oils could not keep up with the demand
• SAMUEL M. KIER was able to invent kerosene by refining petroleum
• Kerosene was referred to as the “illuminating oil”(used at first to provide lighting to
homes)
• Later it was applied for heating purposes
• Development of kerosene established the petroleum refinery industry
• At present, petroleum is widely used in powering automobiles, factories, & power
plants
Petroleum Refinery BY SAMUEL MARTIN KIER
Grandfather of the American Oil Industry
• C. TELEPHONE
• The more people got connected by trade & exploration, the more they
needed a way to easily maintain these connections & communicate
with each other in real time
• Government likewise needed some kind of communication system
which would allow them to administer their states well(important day-
to-day decisions must be discussed & addressed at the fastest time
possible)
• Telephone was invented by ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL
• One of the most important invention at that time
• One of the greatest invention ever allowing instant voice
communication between people on different sides of the world
• He first became interested in the science of sound because both his
mother and wife were deaf. His experiments in sound eventually let
him to want to send voice signals down a telegraph wire and later
they formed the Bell Telephone Company in 1877.With this invention
made communication more efficient and faster.
Telephone BY ALEXANDER GRAHAM
BELL
• D. CALCULATOR
• Although an earlier version of the calculator had already been
developed, circumstances in the modern times required a faster way
to compute more complicated equations
• Computing device must also be easy to carry (utilized on a day-to-day
basis)
• Creation of this did not only pave the way for easier arithmetic
calculations, but also resulted in the development of a more complex
processing machines like computer
• In 1642, at the age of 18, Blaise Pascal invented and build the
first digital calculator as a means of helping his father perform
tedious tax accounting. Pascal's father was the tax collector for the
township of Rouen. The device was called Pascal's calculator or the
Pascaline or the Arithmetique (July 2014 ) Today calculator has had a
profound impact on the world, making computations quicker and
more exact. In the classroom, calculators have given many students
the ability to learn about and put complex formulas and concepts into
practice more easily.
Calculator BY BLAISE PASCAL
PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS
• Despite being considered as a developing country, Phils also
contributes to the global advancement of science and technology
• Quite remarkable to note the ingenuity of the Filipinos despite the
lack of resources
• Philippines is known to be one of the most vulnerable countries in
terms of natural disasters
• Many of the discoveries and inventions were therefore built from
indigenous materials or created to adapt to the harsh tropical
environment
• According to the well-known saying, "necessity is the mother of
invention"; in other words, people invent things because society has
difficult problems that needs solution .People invent for a variety
of reasons., to meet basic human needs, to fulfill their own creative
desires or are inspired by social or economic reasons . Philippines also
contributed inventions that help shape the world the following
include:
• A. SALAMANDER AMPHIBIOUS TRICYCLE
• It has become ordinary for Filipinos to convert transport vehicles into
something more useful
• Example: conversion of American military jeeps used in WW2 into
jeepneys
• Another Filipino innovation is the addition of a sidecar to a
motorcycle transforming into a tricycle(to accommodate more
passengers)
• This amphibious tricycle can seat six people on land and four in water
• Flooding is common occurrence in many areas in the country during
rainy season
• Tricycles find it very hard to traverse the streets
• H2O Technologies headed by DOMINIC N. CHUNG & LAMBERTO
ARMADA, together with Chief designer VICTOR “ATOY” LLAVE, was
able to invent the Salamander
• An amphibious tricycle that can cross not only flooded streets but also
rivers and lakes
• May be utilized to travel from island to island (Philippine is an
archipelago)
Salamander Amphibious tricycle BY VICTOR “Atoy”Llave
• B. SALt LAMP
• Electrification is one of the major needs in the Phils
• Electric powers various types of machines, including light sources
• In rural areas, activities would cease when its dark, and becomes dangerous
to travel
• Filipinos resorted to using candles and kerosene lamps( fire hazards)
• Solar power was also a welcome development(too expensive like
rechargeable batteries for ordinary Filipinos)
• AISA MIJENO- a young Filipina invented a lighting system that utilizes a
material abundant in the Phils
• Aisa Mijeno, an Engineer together with her brother Raphael invented
the SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE LIGHTING(SALt) lamp, an environment
friendly light source that runs on salt water that burns for 8 hours at a
time running only on a glass of water and 2 teaspoons of salt
• Considered as her brainchild, she was inspired by the member of the
BUTBUT tribes in Kalinga who relied on kerosene lamps
• It is safer, poses no risk of fire and emits no toxic gases
• Aside from people who live in coastal areas, it may also benefit those
from far-flung barrios ( they can make their own salt water by mixing
2 tablespoons of salt and a glass of tap water)
SALt Lamp BY AISA MIJENO
• C. MEDICAL INCUBATOR
• High mortality rate of newborn babies was a common problem in th Phils
• One reason was the lack of available incubators especially in far flung rural
areas( due to lack of resources and electricity)
• DR. FE del MUNDO- a Filipino Pediatrician, the first Asian woman
admitted into HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL, devised a medical incubator
made from indigenous & cheap materials which did not run in electricity
• Made by placing a native laundry basket inside a bigger one
• Hot water bottles were inserted between the baskets to provide warmth
and a makeshift hood to allow oxygen circulation
Medical Incubator BY DR. FE DEL MUNDO
• It’s main purpose was to maintain conditions suitable for a newborn
usually a pre-term baby
• Other works of Dr. del Mundo include her works on immunization and
treatment of jaundice and the BRAT diet for curing diarrhea
• D . MOSQUITO OVICIDAL/LARVICIDAL TRAP SYSTEM
• Dengue , a mosquito-borne viral illness is endemic in tropical and sub
tropical areas like Phils
• This virus is transmitted by AEDES AEGYPTI mosquito, rampant during
rainy season
• Insecticides were previously used to kill the species but recent studies
show that insecticide resistance has evolved in some mosquito
populations(insecticide harmful to human and environment)
• Department of Science and Technology-Industrial Technology
Development Institute( DOST-ITDI)- introduce the Mosquito
Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap System also known as OL TRAP
• Made of natural ingredients that are lethal to mosquitos but safe for
humans and environment
• designed the trap to detect, monitor, and control the population of
the dengue-carrying Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and was launched in
2011 .
Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap
System
• E. EJEEPNEY
• A major innovation that changed the transportation industry in the
Philippines was the development of jeepney
• This iconic public utility .vehicle was built using the military jeeps left
by the Americans after WW2
• The chassis and body of the military jeeps were extended (to
accommodate more load and passengers)
• F. 16 BIT MICROCHIPBY DIOSDADO BANATAO
• Known by many as the “Bill Gates of the Philippines,” Diosdado
“Dado” P Banatao Jr is an engineer, inventor, entrepreneur, aviator,
and philanthropist from Iguig, Cagayan Valley.16-bit is a computer
hardware device or software program capable of transferring 16
bits of data at a time. This invention has allowed computer users to
use graphics for commands and not the usual typed commands in
older computers
16 Bit Microchip BY DIOSDADO
BANATO
• G. JEEPNEY BY LEONARDO SALVADOR SARAO, Sr.
• Is considered the most popular mode of transportation in the Philippines, regarded
by many Filipinos as a symbol of national ingenuity. Locals created them from
surplus United States military jeeps after American forces left at the end of World
War II. The bodies of the jeeps were extended, seats were added and a fixed roof
put in place. However the Philippines, is continuously growing in population and as
per observation the jeepneys produces large amount of black smoke that could
worsen the environmental pollution. In able to solve that the Electric Jeepney (E-
Jeepney) was developed by Green Renewable Independent Power Producers, Inc.
or GRIPP in partnership with Mr Robert Puckett, President of Solar Electric
Company in the Philippines. E-Jeepney is considered as the recent development in
the Philippines that provides a sustainable, clean form of public transportation.
•
LEONARDO SALVADOR SARAO Sr.
• H. EXTERNAL VAGINAL CLEANSER BY DR. VIRGILIO MALANG
• Also known as“Billy” Malang is one of the renowned Filipino
inventors. One of his famous inventions was the Feminine Hygiene or
The External Vaginal Cleanser. It includes the gynecological douches,
genital wash, wipes, and powder. It was the first advances in feminine
hygiene since the invention of soap. With that invention he won a
gold medal for the invention of “Psidium Guajava Effervescing
Gynecological Insert” at the Seoul International Fair in South Korea on
December 2002.
External Vaginal Cleanser BY Dr. VIRGILIO MALANG
• I. ERYTHROMYCIN BY ABELARDO AGUILAR
•   Erythromycin is in a class of medications called macrolide antibiotics,.
• it works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
• It was discovered by Abelardo Aguilar when working for the
pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Company as a researcher in 1949
he sent some soil samples to his employer Eli Lilly.
•  Eli Lilly's research team, but unfortunately sad to know that he was
never got paid for it nor recognized for his efforts( phil.news 2019).
•
Erythromycin BY ABELARDO AGUILAR
• J. QUINK INK BY FRANCISCO QUISUMBING
• He is a Filipino botanist,studied in the Philippines and the US, gaining
a BSc from the University of the Philippines School of
Agriculture, claimed to be the inventor of Quink ink ,
• It is an innovative ink that time and was further developed to work
with Parker Pens.
• Aside from being quick-drying, it was also water-resistant, did not clog
the pen opening, does not blot, and will not fade. It is considered one
of the best selling ink for fountain pens of the millennium.
Quink Ink BY FRANCISCO
QUISUMBING
•THE END…