Chapter-Five

Digital Modulation Technique

Objectives
After completing this chapter, the student will be able to:
 Define ASK, FSK and PSK
 Describe generation of ASK, FSK and PSK
 Define M-ary ASK, M-ary FSK, M-ary PSK and M-ary QAM
 Differentiate binary and M-ary digital modulation techniques
Describe generation of M-ary ASK, M-ary FSK, M-ary PSK and M-ary
QAM
 00
+3
01 01
+1
Volt
off

-1
10 10
-3
11

Time
 QAM: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

QPSK introduces a second wave that is offset from the original by 90 0

or one that is 900out of phase with other. But QAM not only different
phases but also it has different amplitude.

0 Amp.-1
Phase Amp. Bits
Amp.-2
0 1 000

270 90 0 2 001
90 1 010
90 2 011
180 180 1 100
180 2 101
270 1 110
270 2 111
 Phasor diagram
Constellation diagram

Q I Cos ωct
Cos ωct Q I
Cos ωct -sin ωct
1 0 Cos ωct + sin ωct
Sin(ωct +135 ْ) 10 11
1 1
Sin(ωct +45 ْ)

- Sin ωct sin ωct

sin ωct
- sin ωct

Q I
Q I -Cos ωct + sin ωct
- Cos(ωct - sin ωct) 0 1
01
00
0 0 - Cos ωct Sin(ωct -45 ْ) -Cos ωct
Sin(ωct -135 ْ)
 Truth table

Binary input Modulated spectrum

QPSK output Phase

Q I
Q I Q I Q I Q I
1 0 0
0 0 -135ْ 1 1 1 0 0
0 1 - 45ْ
1 0 + 135ْ Time
1 1 +45ْ
+135ْ -45ْ +45ْ -135ْ

QPSK output
phase