POLYGRAPH

PRESENTED BY:

DR THORANA PRAKASH M
INTERN (17M4914)
POLYGRAPH INSTRUMENT
 WHAT IS POLYGRAPHY
Polygraphy is the scientific tool of
investigation. It is also called as a "Lie
Detector" & sometimes referred as a
psychophysiological detection.
It is a process by which a study of
functioning of different body system
to detect lies.
 DEFINITION OF POLYGRAPH
It is an instrument which is used to detect
truth & deception by measuring Galvanic
Skin Reaction(GSR), respiration rate, pulse
rate & blood pressure.
 A BRIEF HISTORY
1. Cesare Lombroso - He invented polygraph in 1895 ,It was made to record blood pressure &
pulse rate.

2. John Larson - Discovered modern polygraph in 1925 which record respiration rate.

3. Leonarde Keeler - He was the co-inventor of polygraph he made further modification to

record additional feature known as Galvanic Skin Response(GSR).
 PRINCIPLE
It is based on the principle that if a person is
telling lie, & if there is a fear that the lie will
be detected, the emotional fear result in
stimulation of sympathetic nervous system
that cause physiological changes and some
of this changes can be recorded.
 INSTRUMENTATION
Cardio-Sphygmograph - Collects blood pressure and heart rate data.
Pneumograph - measures respiratory patterns.
Galvanograph - measures electrodermal activity or sweat.
 HOW DOES IT WORK?
Polygraph machine records multiple(poly) signals
using four to six sensors and these are recorded on a
single strip of moving paper (graph)
Person's breathing rate
Person's perspiration
Person's pulse
This test measures all the natural changes caused by
ANS.
 STAGES OF POLYGRAPHY
Pre-test interview :- Introduction related to test.
Chart preparation - Three types of questions are asked as:
1. Irrelevant questions
2. Relevant questions
3. Control questions
Post interview :- Data analysis
THE QUESTIONING TECHNIQUE:
In questioning the subject, generally the basic approaches are followed:
▸ Relevant/Irrelevant Question Technique - Both relevant & irrelevant
questions, pertaining to the case in hand are asked.
▸ Control Questions - These are interspread among the relevant & irrelevant
questions. They do not directly relate to the crime under investigation, but to a
similar situation in which the answers may have a feeling of concern with respect
to either its truthfulness or its accuracy.
Use Of Polygraphy
-Criminal Investigation.
- Personal Investigation.
- Abuse.

Disadvantages
-Not Accurate.
-Not Admissible In Court.
 LEGAL ASPECTS
This test is conducted in presence of lawyer & preferably a
doctor.
Must take the consent of accused.
 Drugs
Drugs used in the Forensic Psychology for Investigation Purposes.
 These include Scopolamine, Sodium thiopental ,3-quinuclidinyl
benzilate,etc
Also known as Truth Serum or Drug Hypnosis or Narco interview
technique.
Hypnosis is induced by using Barbiturate's or other psychotropic
drugs as a means of releasing repress feelings.
 By using imagination a person is able to lie In this test, subject's imagination
is neutralized by making him/her semi-conscious In this state, it becomes
difficult to lie and answers would be restricted to facts she/he is already
aware of efforts are made to obtain probative truth about the crime.

 Drug i.e Sod.Pentothal is given intravenously

to induce hypnosis A 5% or 10% solution of
drug injected slowly in cubital vein NMT
1gm/grain per minute As individual's speech
slurring interview begins starts.
MOA OF DRUG
Sod. Pentothal (thiopental, Thiopentone) is
a rapid onset Short acting barbiturate general
anaesthetic.
It acts on GABA-A Receptor.
GABA Receptor are Inhibitory channel &
barbiturate Enhance inhibitory activity
Neuronal membrane.
THANK YOU