ENGLISH

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12 TENSES OF VERB

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1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
2. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
3. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
4. PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE
5. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
6. PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TE
NSE
7. PAST PERFECT TENSE
8. PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
9. FUTURE - GOING TO TENSE
10. FUTURE – WILL TENSE
11. FUTURE PROGRESSIVE TENSE
12. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
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 1 Simple Present Tense

The simple present tense is when you use a verb to tell about things that
happen continually in the present, like every day, every week, or every
month. We use the simple present tense for anything that happens often or
is factual.

Example:
◉ My father goes to the gym every day.

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 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
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TENSE
The present progressive tense (sometimes called the present continuous) is
a tense which describes an action that began in the past and is still going on
now. The present progressive requires a present form of the verb 'to be' and
the '-ing' form of the main verb.

Example:
◉ I am reading an excellent book.

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3 SIMPLE PAST TENSE

The simple past tense is used to describe a completed activity

that happened in the past. In other words, it started in the past
and ended in the past like yesterday, last year, last week. 

Example:
◉ Last year, I didn't travel to
Korea

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4 PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE
Indicates continuing action, something that was happening,
going on, at some point in the past. This tense is formed with
the helping "to be" verb, in the past tense, plus the present
participle of the verb (with an -ing ending).

Example:
◉ I was riding my bike all day
yesterday.

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5 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

The present perfect is formed from the present tense of the

verb ”have” and the  past participle of a verb.

Example:
◉ I have worked here since I graduated
from school.

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 PRESENT PERFECT
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PROGRESSIVE TENSE
The present perfect continuous tense (also known as the present perfect
progressive tense) shows that something started in the past and is
continuing at the present time. The present perfect continuous is formed
using the construction has/have been + the present participle (root + -ing).

◉ Example:
I have been living in this house for 40
years.

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7 PAST PERFECT TENSE

The past perfect tense, also called the pluperfect, is a verb tense used

to talk about actions that were completed at some point in the past.

◉ Example:
Kate had wanted to see the movie, but she
did not have money for the ticket.

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 PAST PERFECT
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PROGRESSIVE TENSE
The past perfect continuous tense (also known as the past perfect
progressive tense) shows that an action that started in the past continued up
until another time in the past. The past perfect continuous tense is
constructed using had been + the verb's present participle (root + -ing).

◉ Example:
She had been painting the door
before the dog scratched it.

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 9 FUTURE-GOING TO TENSE

The expression “be going to”, followed by a verb in the infinitive,

allows us to express an idea in the near future.

◉ Example:
I'm  going to talk to him. Very soon
I will talk to him.

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 10 FUTURE-WILL TENSE

The first future tense is the future with "will." Use the

future with a will to talk about an event in the future
that you have just decided to do, for predictions and
for promises.

◉ Example:
I think I'll go to that party next week. The
economy will get better soon.

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 FUTURE PROGRESSIVE
11
TENSE
The future continuous tense, sometimes also referred to as the
future progressive tense, is a verb tense that indicates that
something will occur in the future and continue for an expected
length of time. It is formed using the construction will + be + the
present participle (the root verb + -ing).

◉ Example:
The Moscow State Circus  will be
performing in Cheltenham for the next 3
weeks. 14
12 FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

The future perfect is a verb tense used for actions that will be

completed at some other point in the future.

◉ Example:
The parade will have ended by the
time Chester gets out of bed. At
eight o’clock I will have left.

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VERBAL

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VERBAL

◉ A verbal is a word derived from a verb that

functions in a sentence as a noun or modifier
rather than as a verb.
 VERBAL
 
A verbal has three functional Verbals include:
roles to play: ◉ infinitives,
◉ 1.  it can function as a ◉ gerunds (also known as -
noun; ing forms),
◉ 2.  it can function as an ◉ and participles (also
adjective; and known as -ing forms and -
◉ 3.  it can function as an en forms)
adverb.
 TYPES OF VERBALS

INFINITIVES GERUNDS PARTICIPLES

 Infinitives

Infinitives are verbals and it is often preceded by the

particle to and is followed by the base form of a verb.
Note that although infinitives are verbs, they do not
function as verbs, instead, they are used as nouns,
adjectives, or adverbs.
 Infinitives as Nouns
An infinitive is considered a noun only if it is taking the functional role of a
subject or a direct object in a sentence.

Example 1: Example # 2
I love to sing. I really need to eat something.
◉ In this sentence, the verb is “love.” ◉ In this sentence, the verb is “need.”
◉ Who or what receives the action of being ◉ Who or what do I need? The infinitive “to
loved? The infinitive “to sing.” eat.”
◉ This makes “to sing” the direct object of the ◉ “To eat” is the direct object of “need”
sentence. because it receives the action.
◉ In this case, the infinitive functions as a noun ◉ This is an example of an infinitive being
that expresses an opinion. It could be replaced used as a noun.
with a person, place, or thing, as in, “I love to
sleep.”
 Infinitives as Adjectives
An adjective is a word that modifies (adds to or describes) a noun. So, infinitives function as adjectives
when they modify or describe nouns in a sentence.
Example # 1
We can’t play until we find a ball to throw.
◉ What is the purpose of the infinitive “to throw”
in this sentence?
◉ It describes the noun “ball.” We don’t need just
any ball, we need a ball “to throw.”
◉ Here, the infinitive is used as an adjective.
Example # 2
Shaun Murphy wants a book to read.
◉ In this sentence, the verb is “wants” and the subject is
the noun “book.”
◉ We also see the infinitive “to read.” What is the purpose
of “to read” in this sentence?
◉ It describes the book; Shaun isn’t looking for just any
book, he’s looking for a book to read.
◉ In this sentence, the infinitive functions as an adjective.
 Infinitives as Adverbs
Adverbs modify or describe adjectives, verbs, or other adverbs. They provide additional information about what,
where, how, and to what extent or degree. Sometimes adverbs also answer the question, “Why?”
 
Infinitives function as adverbs when they are used to give more information about adjectives, verbs, or other adverbs
in the sentence.

Example # 1 Example # 2
The students were excited to go on a field trip. Elle left the camping trip early to recover from an
◉ injury.
In this sentence, the infinitive is “to go.”
◉ ◉ The infinitive in this example is “to recover.”
What is the purpose of “to go” in this
sentence? ◉ What is the purpose of “to recover” in this
◉ sentence?
The infinitive “to go” gives us more
information about the adjective “excited”; it ◉ It gives us more information about why Elle left
tells us what the students were excited about the trip early. It modifies the verb “left.”
(going on a field trip). ◉ In this example, the infinitive functions as an
◉ In this case, the infinitive functions as an adverb.
adverb.
 GERUND
Gerunds are verbals that end in -ing (e.g., “listening,” “writing,”
“dancing,” etc.) and function as nouns. Note that a gerund functions only as a
noun; therefore, the term “gerund noun” is redundant—we don’t need the
“noun” part of it. Whenever a verb form ending in –ing is used, it is a gerund
functioning as a noun, not a verb. 
 EXAMPLE 1
Dancing is my leisure.
◉ Here, we see that the word, dancing, is a
noun used this way. The rationale behind
this fact is that it is only a noun that can
replace it. For example, we can replace the
noun with Music so that we can achieve:
Music is my leisure.
◉ This word swapping does not change the
structure and the function of the sentence.
This exposes that
both dancing and Music are acting as
subjects. That is why dancing is considered a
noun rather than a verb.
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 EXAMPLE 2

His interest is singing. His interest is art.

◉ The singing we see here is functioning as a
noun since it can be replaced with only nouns.
For example, we can replace it with the
noun art, which will still not change the
structure and the function of the sentence. Thus,
we can write:
◉ Here, both singing and art are
predicate nominatives.
Hence, singing must be a verbal that is
a noun used this way.
 

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PARTICIPLE

Participles are verbals that function as adjectives.

Remember that adjectives modify nouns and pronouns only. Therefore, when a verb is observed to
modifying a noun or pronoun, then we know convincingly that the verb, this time, is an adjective.
 
There are two adjective (participle) forms of verbs:
◉ the present participle, which is used for active adjectives, and
◉ the past participle which is used for passive voice adjectives.

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 Present participle
The present participle is the –ing form a verb used to make an adjective.

Example:
◉ The whining child had worrying problems.
Using the present participle, we can make sentences like
◉ The smiling teacher talked to the interesting student.

The present participle and the gerund (we learned earlier) look exactly the same. However, it is important to remember that the
present participle is an adjective.
You can tell the difference between the gerund and the present participle because the gerund will take the role of a noun, functioning
either as the subject or object of a verb and the present participle will usually be followed by a noun.

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 Past Participle
The past participle, like the present participle acts like an adjective, but it is a passive voice adjective.
The past participle is the PP ‘tense’ of the verb.

For example:
go → went → gone
see → saw → seen
have → had → had

In these cases, the past participles are gone, seen, and had.

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GROUP 2 : NUMBERS 3 AND 9

◉ CABEROY, VON CHRISTIAN

◉ CANDAME, KEVIN
◉ DASAS, JERRECA
◉ DATIVO, ERIKA
◉ FANTILAGA, AALIYAH
MARIE
◉ LEGARDA, APRIL
◉ MATTA, GWENETH
◉ ORTEGA, KEN REI
◉ RAZ, GEEZA
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THANK YOU

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