The Evolution of Crops

PRESENTED BY: CHARLENE COLIAO

SHAIRA LOU B. ARNADO
GRAPES
• The history of Grape culture is as old as that of
man. grape has attained considerable importance
as a cultivated plant in Southern Europe, Eastern
Mediterranean and North Africa.

• It is subtropical fruit but adapted to tropical

conditions. It is native to Armenia, a district near
the Caspian Sea in Russia.It was introduced to
India by the invaders of Iran and Afghanistan.
India has about 54 species, 1102 varieties and 37
root stocks due to introduction from other
countries.
TWO CENTERS OF ORIGIN FOR GRAPES
The American grapes, including Vitis labrusca,
other species Of Euvitis and Muscadina originated
in North America region where the
Largest collection of native Vitis species occurs.

Vitis vinifera, the European grape originated

primarily in Caucasus region between Caspian Sea
and black Sea Vitis vinifera was introduced to
Philippines during 1958 from California.
 SPECIES STATUS OF
GRAPES

• Vitis cordifolia • Vitis cinerea var baileyana

• Vitis bicolour • Vitis riparia

• Vitis labrusca • Vitis rupeatris

• Vitis aestivalis
 Vitis Bicolor Vitis riparia
Vitis aestivalis

Vitis cordifolia

Vitis labrusca Vitis cinerea var

Vitis rupeatris
baileyana
• V. sylvestris is the suggested progenitor of V. vinifera
and appears to be more derived than previously
thought. This may be artifact of the tenuous nature of
most higher-level relationships revealed in this study.
Evolution is arrested by clonal propagation, leaving the
naturally evolving wild species to appear more derived.
 Morphology
• The grapevine is a vigorous and climbing woody vine
that can reach a height of 15-20 m in the wild. Leaves
are simple circular or circular ovate in outline, 5-25 cm
broad, with long petioles. The inflorescence bears
small, pentamerous, fragrant, yellow-green flowers.
 Chromosomal number
• Vitis vinifera has 19 haploid chromosomes, 490 Mb in
size, and 30,000 protein-coding genes. The line chosen
for sequencing was PN40024, which was generated
from Pinot Noir. It was bred to nearly complete
homozygozity (approximately 93%) through serial self-
fertilization.
WHITE GRAPE'S RED GRAPE
VARIETIES VARIETIES
• Chardonnay • Semillon • Cabernet Sauvignon • Sangiovese
• Sauvignon Blanc • Verdelho • Cabernet Franc • Camenere
• Riesling • Muscat • Merlot • Mourvedre
• Chenin Blanc • Marsanne • Malbec • Nebbiolo
• Pinot Gris • Rousanne • Syrah/Shiraz • Tempranillo
• Viognier • Arneis • Pinot Noir
• Gewurztraminer • Macabeo (Viura) • Zinfandel
 References
Grape. (2021, September 30). Wikipedia.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grape

Grape - New World Encyclopedia. (n.d.).

Www.newworldencyclopedia.org. Retrieved October 12, 2022, from
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Grape#:~:text=The
‌
%20wine%20grape%20Vitis%20vinifera

‌
 References
grape | Taxonomy, Species, & Facts. (2019). In Encyclopædia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/plant/grape

‌
Grape - New World Encyclopedia. (n.d.).
Www.newworldencyclopedia.org. Retrieved October 12, 2022, from
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Grape#:~:text=The
%20wine%20grape%20Vitis%20vinifera

‌
Thank you for listening!
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