VERBAL

ELEMENT
S
VERBAL ELEMENTS
•In the children’s book genre, it is
the combined effort of illustration
and text being woven together in
perfect harmony to become truly
high quality
 Contents
1 WRITER'S PURPOSE 4 SETTING

2 PLOT 5 THEMES

3 CHARACTERS 6 STYLE
 The "why" behind an author's work
is what we mean when we talk about
the author's purpose. What inspired
the author to write their piece?
What are they trying to accomplish,
and what is their purpose?

WRITER'S
PURPOSE
 Author's Purpose has a pattern, PIE.

P - PERSUADE the author writes to

get you to do certain actions or
believe what they are trying to say.
I - INFORM to enlighten readers
about the story, the author writes.
E - ENTERTAIN the author's goal in
WRITER'S writing is to share a story with you
that you will find entertaining
PURPOSE
 It is also known as the
narrative, the plot is the
sequence of events that occur
within the story and usually
follows a cause and effect
pattern.

PLOT
THE PLOT DIAGRAM
PARTS OF PLOT DIAGRAM

It is the introduction to a story,

EXPOSITION including the primary characters'
names, setting, mood, and time.

The primary problem that drives the

plot of the story, often a main goal
CONFLICT
for the protagonist to achieve or
overcome.
PARTS OF PLOT DIAGRAM

RISING
All of the events that lead to the
ACTION eventual climax, including
character development and events
that create suspense.
It is the most exciting point of the
CLIMAX story, and is a turning point for the
plot or goals of the main character.
PARTS OF PLOT DIAGRAM

It is everything that happens as a result of

FALLING the climax, including wrapping-up of plot
ACTION points, questions being answered, and
character development.
It is not always happy, but it does
RESOLUTION complete the story. It can leave a
reader with questions, answers,
frustration, or satisfaction.
 A story’s characters are the doers of
the actions. Characters most often
take human form, but, on occasion,
a story can employ animals,
fantastical creatures, and even
inanimate objects as characters.

CHARACTERS
 TYPES OF
CHARACTERS

PROTAGONIST ANTAGONIST is
is the story’s the bad guy or
main character girl of the piece.
 FLAT ROUNDED
CHARACTERS are CHARACTERS
one-dimensional unlike flat characters,
characters that are rounded characters
purely functional in are more complex
the story. and drawn in more
detail by the writer.
 Setting consists of two key elements:
space and time. Space refers to the
where of the story, most often the
geographical location where the
action of the story takes place. Time
refers to the when of the story. This
could be a historical period, the
present, or the future.

SETTING
 The idea that holds the
story together or the
author’s message to the
reader. It is the main
idea or the central
meaning of the story.
THEMES
 Stories usually have a cluster of
theme which are often related:

• Primary theme—central theme

which is of more importance
than the rest.
• Secondary theme—themes
which seem of lesser importance
THEMES than the primary one.
 “Themes are the underlying
ideas, morals, and lessons that
give the story its texture, depth,
and meaning.” (Harvey &
Goudvis)

“A plot relates to a single story,

whereas a theme is applicable to
THEMES hundreds of stories.” (Donelson
& Nilsen)
 It describes the ways that the
author uses words. Author’s
choice and arrangement of
words in order to create plot,
characterizations, setting,
and theme.

STYLE
DEVICES OF
STYLE

CONNOTATION: Associative or emotional

meaning of a word; usually used to
describe a character or situation

IMAGERY: the appeal of the senses;

helps to create setting, establish mood
and character
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE: Words used in a
non-literal way, giving meaning beyond the
usual sense.
HYPERBOLE: exaggeration used for humor
or to make a point

ALLUSION: tends to have more

meaning for mature readers; relies on a
reference to something in our common
understanding, our past, or our literature
UNDERSTATEMENT: opposite
of exaggeration; used to play
down a happening or situation

SYMBOL: something that operates

on two levels of meaning, the literal
and the figurative levels
Thank You!