PRABHARANI PUBLIC SCHOOL

PRABHARANI PUBLIC SCHOOL

SIT DOLOR AMET
GROUP MEMBERS

 MAINAK RAY
 SAYAN BHATTACHARIA
 AZAM ALI
 UNMESH MONDOL
 ARJUN GHOSH
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are over helmed in all humbleness and gratefulness to acknowledge our depth to
all those who have helped us to put these ideas, well above the level of simplicity
and into something concrete.
We would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to our English teacher as
well as our principal who gave us the golden opportunity to do this wonderful
project on the topic Ladakh, which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and I
came to know about so many new things . We are really thankful to them.
Any attempt at any level can ‘t be satisfactorily completed without the support and
guidance of MY parents and friends.
We would like to thank my parents who helped me a lot in gathering different
information, collecting data and guiding us from time to time in making this project,
despite of their busy schedules, they gave me different ideas in making this project
unique..
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that

Mainak Ray
Sayan Bhattacharya
Azam Ali
Unmesh Mondol
Arjun Ghosh
of Class 11 science-B has successfully completed their project on topic
Ladakh as prescribed by Sir. Rajesh Roy Choudhary during the academic
year 2021-2022 as per the guidelines given by Central Board of
Secondary Education.
 ABOUT LADAKH
The first inhabitants of Ladakh were nomads who came with their yaks during the
Neolithic period. Later, Buddhist pilgrims travelling from India to Mount Kailash
in Tibet settled permanently in the Indus valley and brought Buddhism which
emerged as the main religion in the region.
Over the centuries, the kings of Ladakh established a kingdom going from Kashmir
to Tibet, guarded by forts and large monasteries.
Ladakh was frequently attacked from the west by Muslim armies (16th century)
and from the east by Tibetan armies (17th century). The kingdom revived under the
Namgyal dynasty who extended the realm as far as Nepal and built a new capital at
Leh. During the 19th century, Ladakh was invaded by the Dogra army from Jammu
and became part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
On 31st October 2019, Ladakh was separated from the rest of Jammu and Kashmir
and became an independent state (Union Territory). Ladakh is divided into 2
disctricts: Leh district and Kargil district (which includes Zanskar).
FOREST PRECEEDS
MANKIND
AND
DESERT FOLLOWS
 FOREST PRECEEDS MANKIND

The chapter ‘Ailing Planet: the Green Movement’s Role’ by Nani Palkhiwala is an enlightening treatise
on environmental degradation, the causes behind, and the solutions needed to be implemented to save
our ailing planet. The line from the chapter ‘Forests precede mankind deserts follow’ has been written to
bring people’s attention to the fact how crucial trees are for mankind. This line means before God put
man on earth, he put trees on it to create wholesome and hospitable conditions for him and his
posterities; however, man in his recklessness destroys trees and makes lands barren like deserts; in such
conditions mankind also disappears.  To sum up, the line means trees are indispensable for mankind to
survive; in their absence, mankind will dwindle away.  
Forests are one of the most important biological systems of the earth. They came into existence much
before mankind. In this sense forests precede mankind. We have inherited large tracts of forests from our
foreSfathers. Forests are the power house of evolution. Several species of life exist in them. The world’s
ancient inheritance of tropical forests is now wearing away at the rate of forty to fifty million acres per
year. In poor countries, local forests are being destroyed to procure fuel wood. It is estimated that a five
fold increase in the rate of forest planting is needed to cope with the expected fuel wood demand in the
year 2000. It is the responsibility of the state to protect and improve the environment essay and to
safeguard the forests and wildlife. However, large areas named as the forest land are now treeless. As the
forests disappear, deserts will follow. We must take timely steps to prevent this.
 FOREST PRECEEDS MANKIND

The writer wants to tell us that even before man came on this earth, there were forests and many animals
inhabited the forests. But man is very greedy and wants to cut down trees and hunt animals. As a result
there won't be any forests and the earth will be a desert. The writer's words are prophetic because man
goes on cutting down trees and destroying the nature and soon nature will cease to be there for man.
Deforestation, the clearing or thinning of forests by humans. Deforestation represents one of the largest
issues in global land use. Estimates of deforestation traditionally are based on the area of forest cleared
for human use, including removal of the trees for wood products and for croplands and grazing lands. In
the practice of clear-cutting, all the trees are removed from the land, which completely destroys the
forest. In some cases, however, even partial logging and accidental fires thin out the trees enough to
change the forest structure dramatically.
The author of "The Ailing Planet: the Green Movement's Role" describes the Earth as suffering from
numerous maladies, because of the rampant misuse of her resources. Man in order to ensure his survival
has mercilessly cut own trees. This uncontrolled deforestation has resulted in lush forested land being
turned into barren stretches. Thus, the land which once was lush and green has now become lifeless like
a desert.
 A TRANSENDING CONCERN THE
SURVIVAL NOT JUST OF THE PEOPLE BUT
OF THE PLANET
 THE SURVIVAL NOT JUST OF THE PEOPLE
BUT OF THE PLANET

In the twentieth century, there has been a revolutionary change in human

perceptions. We have begun to take a holistic view of the very basis of our
existence. The earth is now regarded as a living organism of which we are parts. It
has its own metabolic needs and processes necessary for staying alive, which need
to be respected and preserved.The environmental problem does not necessarily
indicate our death, it is our passport for the future. A new world vision has
emerged. It is a holistic view, an ecological view. This regards the world as a whole
rather than a collection of isolated parts. This vision has ushered in the Era of
Responsibility. Industrialists, politicians and writers have become environment
friendly and realised their responsibility in preserving the non-renewable natural
resources.
 THE SURVIVAL NOT JUST OF THE PEOPLE
BUT OF THE PLANET

Earth is the uniquest planet. The first and foremost reason is it is the only known
planet that is home to myriads of life forms. No other planet in the solar system or
anywhere else in the space supports animal or plant life like the earth.Earth is quite
similar to other planets the way it has evolved out of the nothingness over eons; but
what makes it different from them is the complex life forms and its hospitable
atmosphere and environment. Everything on earth supports life. Land, air, water,
flora, fauna, minerals, etc. all support life.However, man's recklessness, greed and
indifference to the needs of the planet, have literally made its condition exactly like
a patient needing immediate treatment. The illness of pollution has reached its final
stage. If the intensive care treatment is not given to it, it may collapse.
 THE SURVIVAL NOT JUST OF THE PEOPLE
BUT OF THE PLANET

The canker of industrialization has converted every town and city into hell. The sylvan beauty, which
was so ubiquitous, has been replaced by factories and mills. The skyline that once was dominated by tall
pines is an ugly sight of stacks spewing toxic fumes! The problems of Global warming, melting glaciers,
decreasing forest covers, dwindling species of plants and animals, depleting ozone layer, etc. loom large
on the future of mankind.The clear rills and brooks that were picnic spots have been converted into
drainage channels, carrying effluents to the river, which has become a bigger channel carrying the muck
to the sea! The entire world is losing its beauty and purity. The mankind a silent witness to this ugly
transformation is waiting for some angel to come down and do the cleaning, preserving, and pollution
managing!How can we prevent this deterioration and degradation of our planet? The task of conserving
and preserving it is quite Herculean. The only solution to the critical environmental issues is people's
mass participation in saving the environment. Mass forestation drive, and stopping the use of fossil fuels
altogether can solve this problem.
 THE SURVIVAL NOT JUST OF THE PEOPLE
BUT OF THE PLANET

How can we prevent this deterioration and degradation of our planet? The task of
conserving and preserving it is quite Herculean. The only solution to the critical
environmental issues is people's mass participation in saving the environment.
Mass forestation drive, and stopping the use of fossil fuels altogether can solve this
problem.There are other alternative fuels available. The government must act
strictly. There should be a ban on fossil fuels. The government must create forest
belt near every city or town. Toxic emissions of industries must be strictly
regularized. Installation of toxic smoke and effluents treatment plants must be
mandatory at every industrial unit. With these measures strictly and immediately
implemented the environmental health will improve considerably.We must save
earth for our own survival.

Do you think we will be able to live even for a second if the earth dies?
The Cold Desert –
Ladakh
 The Cold Desert – Ladakh

Ladakh is a cold desert in India. It lies in the Great Himalayas, on the

eastern side of Jammu and Kashmir. It has the mighty Karakoram
Range in the North and in the south, it is bound by the  Zanskar
mountains. Several rivers flow through Ladakh. The most important
one is the Indus.These rivers form deep valleys and gorges. They add
to the scenic beauty of the place. Several glaciers are found in
Ladakh. The Gangotri glacier is an example. The altitude in Ladakh
varies from about 3000m in Kargil to more than 8000 m in the
Karakoram.
 Climate of Ladakh

Due to its high altitude, Ladakh is always freezing cold and dry for
most of the year. The air is so thin that you can feel the
sun’s heat intensely. In summers, the temperature during the day is
just above zero degrees and the night temperature is much below -
30°C. In winters the temperature remains as low as -40°C most of
the time.The rainfall in this region is as low as 10 cm annually. This
is because it lies in the rain shadow of the Himalayas.
The area experiences freezing winds and burning sunlight. Therefore,
if you sit in the sun with your hand in the shade; you will experience
sunstroke as well as frostbite at the same time.
 Welcome to
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LEH LADAKH
THE LAND OF HIGH PASSES
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SKETCH OF LADAKH
 NIGHT VIEW OF LADAKH

There is an amazing night view in Leh

Ladakh, you can see the city view at night.
It is pleasant to look, you can enjoy at night.
Do not forget to carry a telescope to see
stars and moon. And capture the memories
in your camera for a long way to remember.
Due to high altitude, you will feel that it's
very easy to touch clouds and stars with
your hands and I am sure you fall in love
with this feeling at night.
 TRASPORT IN LADAKH
The two roads into the area from outside are the Zoji-La Pass and Kargil route
from Srinagar District in the Kashmir Valley, and the high altitude Manali-Leh
Highway from Himachal Pradesh. The Manali-Leh road is open only from May or
June to October or November when snow is cleared from several passes. The
Srinagar-Leh road is open from April or May to November or December and is
generally blocked by snow through the winter only at Zoji La Pass.
Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport at Leh has flights from Delhi year-round on
Indigo, Vistara, GoFirst, and Air India. Air India also operates weekly flights to
Jammu and Srinagar.
Roads within Ladakh, except to Zangskar, are open all year round. Khardong-La
Pass to Nubra can get closed by snow for several days in winter and spring. Chang-
La pass to Pangong Lake rarely closes.
Buses serve the whole area from Leh and Kargil towns. Taxis are available in Leh
and Kargil as well as in block headquarters like Tangtse, Diskit, and Khalsa.
Shared taxis to Nubra, Kargil, Srinagar, and Zanskar leave Leh in the early
 PLACES TO VISIT IN LADAKH

 PANGONG TSO LAKE

 MAGNETIC HILL
 ZANSKER VALLEY
 KHARDUNG LA PASS
 MORIRI LAKE
 PANGONG TSO LAKE

Pangong Tso or Pangong Lake is an

endorheic lake spanning eastern
Ladakh and West Tibet situated at an
elevation of 4,225 m. It is 134 km
long and divided into five sublakes,
called Pangong Tso, Tso Nyak, Rum
Tso and Nyak Tso.
 MAGNETIC HILL

Magnet Hill is a "Cyclops hill" located near

Leh in Ladakh, India.The layout of the area
and surrounding slopes create the optical
illusion of a hill. The hill road is actually a
downhill road. Objects and cars on the hill
road may appear to roll uphill in defiance of
gravity when they are, in fact, rolling
downhill. It is 7.5 km southeast of Nimmoo
and 26.5 km west of Leh on Srinagar-
Ladakh road.
 ZANSKER VALLEY

Zanskar, Zahar or Zangskar, is a tehsil of the

Kargil district, which lies in the Indian
union territory of Ladakh. The
administrative centre is Padum. Zanskar,
together with the neighboring region of
Ladakh, was briefly a part of the kingdom of
Guge in Western Tibet. Zanskar lies 250 km
south of Kargil town on NH301
 KHARDUNG LA PASS

Khardung La is a mountain pass in the Leh

district of the Indian union territory of
Ladakh. The local pronunciation is
"Khardong La" or "Khardzong La" but, as
with most names in Ladakh, the romanised
spelling varies. The pass on the Ladakh
Range is north of Leh and is the gateway to
the Shyok and Nubra valleys.
 TSO MORIRI LAKE

Tso Moriri or Lake Moriri or

"Mountain Lake", is a lake in the
Changthang Plateau in Ladakh in
Northern India. The lake and
surrounding area are protected as the
Tso Moriri Wetland Conservation
Reserve. The lake is at an altitude of
4,522 m.
 THINGS TO DO IN LADAKH

 TREK TO MARKHA
VALLEY
 INDUS RIVER RAFTING
 CYCLING IN KHARDUNG
LA
 SHOPING IN LEH MARKET
 TREK TO MARKHA VALLEY

The Markha valley trek is classified

as a moderate- difficult trek. You start
from an altitude of 10,490 feet at
Chilling and reach the highest point of
17,060 feet at Kongmaru La.
Therefore, you have to make sure
your lungs are strong for this.
 INDUS RIVER RAFTING

Indus River rafting has rapids that are

generally of I and II grades.
However, some places can even have
grades that can go from III to even V
rapids. Some of the quite popular
places in Leh for rafting are from
Phey to Nimo. Upshi to Kharu and
Upshi to Nimo are quite famous too.
 CYCLING IN KHARDUNG LA

Khardung La at a height of 18,380 ft

is the world's highest motorable road.
The pass traverses the Ladahk Range
as it connects the city of Leh and the
Indus Valley to the Nubra Valley.
Khardung La makes great day trip
from Leh and the easiest way to reach
it is to join one of the organized
biking tours.
 SHOPING IN LEH MARKET

Shopping in Leh – Ladakh during the

holidays is unlike anything else in
India. You may find a variety of
things in Ladakh market, ranging
from souvenirs to handicrafts. The leh
market also exhibits exceptional
artistic and craftsmanship skills and is
accessible in a variety of possibilities.
 CONCLUSION

Ladakh is a mountainous region and a Union Territory in the north India and in

the area known as the Trans-Himalaya. It's slightly smaller than Scotland, the
settled population lives between 2700m and 4500m, and nomadic encampments
can be found even higher. The people are a mixture of Buddhist and Muslim 50%
of each. Buddhists are the majority in the east close to the Chinese border and a
slight majority overall while Muslims have the majority in the north and west.
Travelers are likely to see more of the Buddhists as the majority of the tourist
attractions are in the east and directly related to Tibetan Buddhist culture.
THANK YOU