Solar Photovoltaic:

Techniques:
Monocrystalline

By Harshil Mange(2020bel036)
Guided by Prof. A.T.Chandan
 Contents

• 1.Solar energy conversion to electricity.

• 2.Structure of crystalline cell.
• 3.Working of solar panels.
• 4.Solar photovoltaic techniques.
• 5.Monocrystalline solar cell and panels.
• 6.Advantages and disadvantages.
 Solar energy conversion to electricity.

• Solar Energy: The energy obtained

from sun is called the solar energy
• Solar technologies convert sunlight
into electrical energy either through
photovoltaic (PV) panels or through
mirrors that concentrate solar
radiation. This energy can be used
to generate electricity or be stored
in batteries or thermal storage.
•Solar Cell: solar cell, also called photovoltaic cell, any device that
directly converts the energy of light into electrical energy through
the photovoltaic effect. A typical photovoltaic cell consists of
semiconductor material (usually silicon) having a p-n junction.
•Photovoltaic solar cells are made of layers of crystalline silicon,
covered with a very hard, protective layer of non-reflective glass.
•Solar PV module: Also called solar panels, a solar module is a
single photovoltaic panel that is an assembly of connected solar
cells. The solar cells absorb sunlight as a source of energy to
generate electricity.
•Solar Array: A solar array starts with solar cells – or photovoltaic
cells – which are then grouped together to make solar panels. This
group of solar panels is called an array. An array of modules are
used to supply power to buildings.
Structure of a crystalline cell
 Solar photovoltaic techniques

The most useful way of harnessing

solar energy is by directly converting it
into DC electricity by means of solar
photo-voltaic cells.
Types of PV technology:
 Monocrystalline silicon
 Polycrystalline (or multi-crystalline)
silicon
 Amorphous silicon (Thin-film)
 Monocrystalline silicon solar cell
• The oldest solar cell technology and still the most popular and efficient solar cell
technology. These solar cells made from thin wafers of silicon.
• These are called Monocrystalline solar cells because the cells are sliced from single crystals.
That have been painstakingly grown under carefully controlled conditions.
• Relative to the other type of cells, they have higher efficiency( up to 24.2%), means you will
obtain more electricity from a given area of panel.
• However, growing large crystals of pure silicon is a different and very energy-intensive
process, so the production costs for this type of panel have historically are the highest of all
the solar panel types.
• Another issue to keep in mind about panels made from monocrystalline silicon cells is that
they lose their efficiency as the temperature increases aboubt 25C, so they need to be
installed in such a way as to permit the air to circulate over and under panels to improve
their efficiency.
 Monocrystalline Solar Panels
• A monocrystalline solar panel is a solar panel comprising monocrystalline solar
cells.
• Monocrystalline solar cells are cut from a single, pure crystal of silicon.
• These cells are made from a cylindrical silicon ingot grown from a single crystal of
silicon of high purity in the same way as a semiconductor.
• The cylindrical ingot is sliced into wafers forming cells.
• To maximize the utility of the cells, the circular wafers
are wire cut to an octagonal shaped wafer.
• These cells have a unique look because of the octagonal
shape. These cells also have a uniform color.
 Advantages

• They have the highest level of efficiency at 17-22%.

• They require less space compared to other types due to their
high efficiency.
• Manufacturers state that this form of solar cell lasts the
longest, with most giving them a 25-year warranty.
• These panels exhibit greater heat resistance.
• They perform better in low levels of sunlight, making them
ideal for cloudy areas.
 Disadvantages

• They are the most expensive solar cells on the

market, and so not in everyone’s price range.
• The performance levels tend to suffer from an
increase in temperature. However, it is a small loss
when compared to other forms of solar cell.
• There is a lot of waste material when the silicon is cut
during manufacture.
 Applications

• Because of their many advantages, monocrystalline solar panels find many

applications that are as follows:
• Being more efficient, these panels can produce more electricity for the same area
as occupied by panels made of other materials.
• These panels are highly recommended for solar applications on a larger scale – on
vast tracts of uncultivable land.
• These panels are also useful for residential and commercial applications.
• Smaller panels generating between 5 and 25 W of electricity are useful for charging
phones, cameras and laptops.
• Panels generating between 40 and 130 W are useful for powering higher wattage
appliances such as refrigerators and microwave ovens