Fluid Mechanics (CE-201)

Course Instructor

Prof Dr Hashim Nisar Hashmi

Objective:

 The objective of subject is to impart basic knowledge of those

physical processes associated with water and its motion that
are essential to the understanding, protection and
improvement of the environment. It deal primarily with the
occurrence and movement of water and other fluids on the
surfsace of the earth.
 This subject develops topics in fluid mechanics with broad
interest to civil engineers, and demonstrates the link between
theoretical studies and their practical application to hydraulic
structures and river engineering.
Why are we studying fluid mechanics in a Civil and
Environmental Engineering course?

 Fluid mechanics is involved in nearly all areas of Civil

Engineering either directly or indirectly. Some examples of
direct involvement are those where we are concerned with
manipulating the fluid:

 Water distribution / sewerage (sanitation) network

 Hydraulic design of water/sewage treatment works
 Dams;
 Irrigation;
 Pumps and Turbines;
 Water retaining structures.
 Recommended Books
Text Book:
 Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applications (10th
Edition)
by E. John Finnemore & Joseph B. Franzini
Reference Books:
 A textbook of Hydraulics, Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic
Machines (19th Edition) by R.S. Khurmi
 2500 solved problems in F.M. by Schaum’s Series
 Applied Fluid Mechanics (6th Edition) by Robert L. Mott
 Fluid Mechanics by A.K Jain
Course Contents:
 Properties of Fluid Mechanics
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Fluid Kinematics, Fluid Dynamics and
Hydraulics, Distinction between solids and fluids and liquids and Gases,
Brief description of physical properties: Density, specific volume, specific
weight, specific gravity and compressibility, ideal and real fluids,
Viscosity, Newton's Law of Viscosity, Types of Fluids, Units of Viscosity,
Measurement of Viscosity, Surface Tension.
 Fluid Statics
Pressure, Pressure-specific Relationship, Absolute and Gauge Pressure,
Measurement of Pressure, Bourdon Gauge, Pressure Transducer,
Piezometer, Simple Manometer, Differential Manometer, Forces on
submerged planes and curved surfaces and their application, Buoyancy
and stability of submerged and Floating Bodies.
 Course Contents

 Kinematics of fluid Flow

Basic concepts about steady and unsteady flow, laminar and turbulent
flow and Uniform and Non-Uniform Flow, Path Line, streamline, Streak
line and stream Type, Flow Rate and Velocity, Equation of Continuity for
compressible and incompressible Fluids. 
 Energy consideration in Steady Flow
Different forms of Energy in flowing liquid, Bernoulli's Equation and its
application, Head, Free & Forced Vortex.
 Flow Measurement
Measurement of Static Pressure and Velocity, Measurement of Discharge,
Orifices, Nozzles and Mouthpieces, Venturimeter, Sharp-Crested Weirs
and Notches.
 Course Contents

 Steady Incompressible Flow in Pressure Conduits

Darcy-Weisbach equation for flow in pipes, Empirical formulae for pipe
flow, Losses in pipelines, Hydraulic Grade Line and Energy Line,
Solution of pipe flow problems, Transmission of Energy through pipes.
 Steady Flow in Open Channels
Chezy's and Manning's equations, Bazin's and Kutter's formula, Most
economical cross-section for open channels.
 Marks Distribution
 Sessionals - 40%
 Attendance – 2%
 Assignments – 8%
 Practicals - 15%
 Quizes – 10 %
 Class Project/ Presentation – 5%
 Mid Term - 20%
 Final Exam - 40%
List of Practicals:
1. To determine the Viscosity of a Given oil by using falling
sphere type viscometer.
2. To calibrate Bourdon Pressure gauge by means of dead
weight pressure calibration.
3. To determine Meta-centric height of a ship model
experimentally and compare the values with theoretical
results.
4. To determine the Hydraulic Coefficient (Cv, Cd and Cc) by
tracing the Jet trajectory from a given Orifice.
5. To determine the Coefficient of Discharge for rectangular
notch.
6. To determine the magnitude of a hydrostatic force on
submerged surface and locate the centre of the pressure.
List of Practicals:
1. Visit of Hydraulics Laboratory and draw layout plan.
2. To determine the Viscosity of a given oil by using falling sphere
type viscometer.
3. To determine Metacentric height of a ship model experimentally
and compare the values with theoretical results.
4. To calibrate Bourdon gauge by means of dead weight pressure
calibration.
5. To determine the magnitude of a hydrostatic force on submerged
surface and locate the centre of the pressure.
6. To determine the Hydraulic Coefficient (C v, Cd and Cc) by
tracing the Jet trajectory from a given Orifice.
 List of Practicals

7. To determine the Coefficient of Discharge for rectangular

notch.
8. To find the average velocity along the channel for different
flows and slopes.
9. Introduction to EPANET
10. Analyze the water distribution network using EPANET.
Expected Time Schedule:

Lab Visit -09-15

Experiment -1 -09-15
Experiment -2 -09-15
Experiment -3 -09-15
Quiz-1 -10-15
Experiment -4 -10-15
Experiment -5 -10-15
Quiz-2 -10-15
 Expected Time Schedule

Experiment -6 -11-15
Experiment -7 -11-15
Quiz-3 -11-15
Epanet Software -11-15
Epanet Software -12-15
Presentation -12-15
Presentation -12-15
Viva -12-15
How to Prepare a Practical Notebook
Structure:

 LHS Panel RHS Panel

 Observations  Title

 Calculations  Theory (Literature)

 Equations  Apparatus

 Graphs  Procedure

 Results  Significance

 Conclusion  Precautions

 Remarks
Tips:
 Use lead pencil for LHS panels on note book
 Use relevant literature
 Well arranged your collected information
 Note book should represent your own work
 Adopt same style of writing, formatting and
expressions through out the all experiments
 Can paste relevant picture, figures, equations and
graphs
Note:
 Should submit your practical note book after
completion of every 2 practicals.
 Be careful about attendance and grading.
 There will be individual grading/marking for each
experiment.
 Believe in neat, clean and your own work. Extra
marks for the neatness will be awarded.