GLOBALIZATION

Globalization is the
process of interaction and
integration among
people, companies, and
governments worldwide.

As a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, globalization is

considered by some as a form of capitalist expansion which entails
the integration of local and national economies into a global,
unregulated market economy.
Globalism vs. globalization

• Globalism is the idea that events in one country cannot

be separated from those in another and
that economic and foreign policy should be planned in
an international way.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/

• the attitude or policy of placing the interests of the entire world

above those of individual nations.

• https://www.dictionary.com/browse/globalism
• Another is viewing the entire world as a proper sphere for one
nation to project political influence.

• American political scientist Joseph Nye, co-founder of the

international relations theory of neoliberalism, argues that

• globalism refers to any description and explanation of a world which is

characterized by networks of connections that span multi-continental
distances;

• while globalization refers to the increase or decline in the degree of

globalism.
• Though many scholars place the origins of globalization in modern
times, others trace its history to long before the European Age of
Discovery and voyages to the New World, and some even to the
third millennium BC.
• The term first appeared in the early 20th century,

• developed its current meaning some time in the second half of the
20th century,

• came into popular use in the 1990s.

• Large-scale globalization began in the 1820s,

• in the late 19th century and early 20th century drove a rapid
expansion in the connectivity of the world's economies and
cultures.
 TYPES

• Political Globalization

• Cultural Globalization

• Economic Globalization
Economic globalization is the increasing
economic interdependence of national
economies across the world through a
rapid increase in cross-border movement
of goods, services, technology, and
capital.

the process of increasing economic

integration between countries, leading to
the emergence of a global marketplace or
a single world market.
• Cultural globalization refers to the transmission of ideas,
meanings, and values around the world in such a way as to
extend and intensify social relations.
• This process is marked by the common consumption of cultures
that have been diffused by the Internet, popular culture media,
and international travel.
• The circulation of cultures enables
individuals to partake in extended
social relations that cross national
and regional borders. The creation
and expansion of such social
relations is not merely observed on
a material level.

• Cultural globalization involves the

formation of shared norms and
knowledge with which people
associate their individual and
collective cultural identities.

• It brings increasing
interconnectedness among
different populations and cultures.
• Political globalization refers
to the growth of the
worldwide political system,
both in size and complexity.

• That system includes national governments, their governmental

and intergovernmental organizations as well as government-
independent elements of global civil society such as international
non-governmental organizations and social movement
organizations.
• One of the key aspects of the political globalization is the declining
importance of the nation-state and the rise of other actors on the
political scene.

• William R. Thompson has defined it as "the expansion of a global

political system, and its institutions, in which inter-regional
transactions (including, but certainly not limited to trade) are
managed".

• Political globalization is one of the three main dimensions of

globalization commonly found in academic literature, with the two
other being economic globalization and cultural globalization.
• Financial globalization: can be linked with the rise of a global
financial system with international financial exchanges and
monetary exchanges.

Stock markets, for instance, are a great example of the financially

connected global world since when one stock market has a decline,
it affects other markets negatively as well as the economy as a
whole.

• Sociological globalization: information moves almost in real-

time, together with the interconnection and interdependence of
events and their consequences. People move all the time too,
mixing and integrating different societies;
• Technological globalization: the phenomenon by which millions of
people are interconnected thanks to the power of the digital world via
platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Skype or Youtube.

• Geographic globalization: is the new organization and hierarchy of

different regions of the world that is constantly changing. Moreover, with
transportation and flying made so easy and affordable, apart from a few
countries with demanding visas, it is possible to travel the world without
barely any restrictions;

• Ecological globalization: accounts for the idea of considering planet

Earth as a single global entity – a common good all societies should
protect since the weather affects everyone and we are all protected by the
same atmosphere. To this regard, it is often said that the poorest countries
that have been polluting the least will suffer the most from climate
change.

• https://youmatter.world/en/definition/definitions-globalization-definition-benefits-effects-examples/
GLOBALIZATION: good or bad
Positive Aspects of Globalization:

1. improved standard of living;

2. competition results to low prices and good product quality;

3. developing countries reap benefits without going through the

growing pains;

4. governments cooperate to achieve common goals; and

5. greater access to foreign culture creating more choices.

Negative Aspects of Globalization:

1. outsourcing take away jobs;

2. some cultural beliefs fade or disappear;

3. diseases spread;

4. lack of regulation lead to environmental degradation;

5. poor countries adopt policies not applicable to them.