FAMILY

PLANNING

Laica Mae I. Omilio

DMID-1
 OBJECTIVES:

(WHO) The usage of a range of methods of a fertility regulation to help individuals or couples attain certain
objects:

• Avoid unwanted birth.

• Bring about wanted birth.

• Produce a change in the number of children born.

• Regulate the intervals between pregnancies.

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 Family Planning
 Family Planning is a term given for
pre-pregnancy planning and action to
delay, prevent or actualize a
pregnancy.
 A way of thinking and living that is
adopted voluntarily, upon the bases of
knowledge, attitude and responsible
decision by individuals and couples in
order to promote health and welfare
of family group and thus contribute
effectively to the social development
of country.

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 BENEFITS
Health Benefits to MOTHER
 Reduce the health risk.
 Below 20 years old and above
30 years old are at risk of
developing complication
during pregnancy.
 Reduce number of maternal
death.
 Reduce the risk of ovarian
cyst.
Health Benefits to CHILDREN
 Ensures better chance of
survival at birth.
 Promote better childhood
nutrition.
 Promote physical growth and
development.
 Prevent birth defects.
Health Benefits to FATHERS
• Allows father to keep a
constant balance between their
physical, mental, social well-
being.
• Increase father sense of respect
because he is able to provide
the type of education and home
environment.
 ELEMENTS OF
FAMILY
PLANNING
• PROPER SPACING AND LIMITATIONS OF
BIRTHS

• PROPER TIMING

• NUMBER OF PREGNANCIES

• SEX EDUCATION

• EDUCATION OF PARENTHOOD
 TYPES OF FAMILY
PLANNING

• Natural Family Planning

• Barrier Family Planning
• Permanent or Surgical
Family Planning

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 NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING
No chemical of foreign material into the body and practice may be due to religious belief. It is a “natural” ways and the effectiveness
varies greatly , depends on the couples ability to refrain from having intercourse on fertile days. Failure rate about 25% and poses no risk
to fetus.

RHYTHM METHOD BBT METHOD CERVICAL MUCUS METHOD LAM METHOD COITUS INTERRUPTIONS

• Rhythm method also • Basal Body Temperature • A fluid produced by small • It is a natural birth • One of the oldest known
called the fertility identifying fertile and glans near the cervix. control technique base methods of contraception
awareness method. infertile period of a on the fact that that couple proceeds with
• The fluid changes through
woman’s cycle by daily lactation(breast milk coitus until the moment of
• A form of pregnancy her cycle, from scant and
taking and recording of the production) causes ejaculation which offers
prevention where sticky to cloudy and thick
rise in body temperature amenorrhea(lack of little protection.
couples calculate a to slick and stringy.
during and after ovulation. menstruation)
woman’s fertile time • Ex: withdrawal
7
using calendar.
 BARRIER FAMILY PLANNING
Barrier methods prevent the man’s sperm from reaching the woman’s egg. There are five types of
barrier methods: Physical, chemical, intra-uterine device, hormonal methods.
CONDOMS SPERMICIDES VAGINALSPONGE DIAPHRAGM CERVICAL CAP

MALE CONDOM-made up of
polyurethane or latex. Silicon
used nowadays to produce semi
dry pre-lubricated forms.
FEMALE CONDOM-it is a
pouch made up of polyurethane
which lines the vagina and
external genitalia.
• Available as vaginal • The sponge is a doughnut- • Most common and easiest to • A barrier method that
shaped device made of soft fit and use.
foams, gels, creams, blocks the sperm from
foam coated with spermicide.
tablets, and • Thin, nearly hemispherical entering the uterus by
suppositories. • It releases spermicide during dome made of rubber or covering the cervix to
coitus, absorbs ejaculate and latex material, with circular,
protect against
• Alter the sperm surface blocks the entrance of cervical covered metal spring at
pregnancy.
membrane permeability canal. periphery (flat type and coil
resulting in killing of type).

Prevents STD’s sperm .

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 INTRA-UTERINE DEVICES (IUD)
These are the devices which are placed in the uterine cavity. These devices
made up of silk, worm gut, silk and gold. The three different types of IUD’s
generations are:

FIRST GENERATION IUD:

The Lippe’s Loop is non-medicated made up of polyethylene it has different

shapes and sizes and double’s shaped device that is non-toxic, non tissue
reactive and extremely durable.

SECOND GENERATION:

These are also made of polyethylene but copper is added and it enhances the
contraceptive effect. Variety of copper devices are: Copper-7 and Copper-200,
Variants of T devices are TCU 220C and TCU 380A, Multiload Devices are
ML-CU 250 and ML-CU 375, Nova T device is TCU 380. All copper devices
are more effective and less chances of side effects and can be fitted easily.
THIRD GENERATION IUD’s:
These contains hormones which is released
slowly in the uterus. The hormone effects the
lining of the uterus and cervical mucus. It may
affect the sperm.

There are two types of hormone IUD’s:

PROGESTASERT – the most commonly use T
shaped device filled with 38 mg progesterone.
Effective for 1 year.

LEVONORGESTREL DEVICE – this is also

known as LNG-MIRENA a T shaped device
which has levonorgestrel a synthetic steroid. It
is found to be more effective. It needs to be
changed after five years.
 HORMONAL METHOD
Hormonal methods of contraceptives are found to be the most effective
method to prevent unwanted pregnancies.
It has two main types:

 ORAL PILLS
Combined Pills – the pill is composed of two hormones synthetic
estrogen and progesterone in very small doses. Its action is to
inhibit ovulation of ovum by blocking the secretion of
gonadotropin from pituitary gland.
 PROGESTERONE ONLY PILL
This pill is also known as mini pill. It contains on progesterone and
it thickens the cervical mucus which prevents the entry of sperms
into the uterine cavity. Mini pills are taken throughout the
menstrual cycle and these are not used widely because of its high
failure rate.
 LONG-ACTING CONTRACEPTIVES
These are more suitable for women who do not want to get pregnant again for
few years.
• CONTRACEPTIVE INJECTIONS

Commonly used as (DMPA) Depomedroxy progesterone acetate or Depo-Provera

on deltoid muscle within 5 days of cycle, contains progesterone hormone and
prevents ovulation. Provide protection for 3 months.

• CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS

It is a small device placed under the skin that contains progesterone hormone and
works in a similar way to injection that inhibits ovulation it lasts for 3 years.

• CONTRACEPIVE PATCHES

A transdermal patch applied to the skin that releases synthetic estrogen and
progestogen hormones to prevent pregnancy. They have been shown to be as
effective as the combined oral contraceptive pill with perfect use, and the patch
may be more effective in typical use.
 PERMANENT OR SURGICAL FAMILY PLANNING
STERILIZATION – it is the most effective method its failure rate is 1/2000 so in this there is permanent termination.

TUBECTOMY
• It is one of the operative procedure where
resection of a both fallopian tube is done to
achieve permanent sterilization.

VASECTOMY
• Small incision made on each side of scrotum vas
deferens is then cut and tied, cauterized or
plugged.
• Blocking the passage of spermatozoa.
• Does not interfere with production of sperms but
does not pass beyond vas deferens.
 REFERENCES

Family planning....ppt (slideshare.net)

Family planning (slideshare.net)

 Thank you

GOD BLESS!

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