Kinetic Energy

and Potential Energy

 Learning Competency

At the end of this lesson, the given DepEd learning

competency should be met by the students.

Identify and explain the factors that affect potential

and kinetic energy (S8FE-Id-23).
 Learning Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to

do the following:

● Relate the speed of an object to the amount of

energy possessed by a body.
● Identify situations in which work is done and in
which no work is done.
● Identify the factors that affect gravitational and
elastic potential energy.
In our everyday lives,
energy is vital to
perform our tasks
and activities such as
studying, exercising,
and even eating.
Energy is the
ability to do work.
It may come from
the sun, from the
plants, and from
the food that we
eat.
Some forms of energy are
associated with moving or
stationary objects. In this
lesson, you will learn about
kinetic energy. How do mass
and velocity affect the kinetic
energy of an object?
 Try it!
Warm-Up

Run Like a Cheetah

Describe the kinetic energy of a moving body.

 Learn about It

What Is Kinetic Energy?

Kinetic energy is the energy associated with moving objects.

It is also defined as the energy at motion. All moving objects
possess kinetic energy.
 Learn about It

Forms of Kinetic Energy

There are several forms of kinetic energy: vibrational kinetic,

rotational, and translational energy.
 Learn about It

Vibrational Kinetic Energy

caused by vibrational motion
Forms
of Rotational Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Energy caused by rotational motion

Translational Kinetic Energy

caused by changes in motion
along a single line
 Learn about It

Calculating Translational Kinetic Energy

To calculate for kinetic energy, use the equation below.

 Learn about It

Calculating Translational Kinetic Energy

Kinetic Energy (KE)

Unit: Joule (J)

Mass (m)
Unit: kilogram (kg)

Velocity (v)
Unit: meter per second (m/s)
 Learn about It

The kinetic energy possessed by an object is dependent on its

mass and velocity. The greater the mass, the greater the
kinetic energy of an object is. Moreover, the greater the
velocity, the greater its kinetic energy.
 Tips
Tip

In manipulating the formula for kinetic energy, cross

multiply the terms so that you will be able to come up with
a linear formula. Then, transpose and/or divide to isolate
the desired variable.
 Key Points

● Kinetic energy is the energy at motion.

● There are three forms of kinetic energy.
○ Vibrational kinetic energy is due to vibrational motion.
○ Rotational kinetic energy is due to rotational motion.
○ Translational kinetic energy is due to changes in motion along a
single line.
● Mathematically, it can be written as .
 Check Your Understanding

A. Identify if the object possesses kinetic energy or not in

the following situations. Write K if the object possesses
kinetic energy and NK if not.

1. A person sitting on a bench in a park

2. A person riding a moving roller-coaster
3. A boat moving against the direction of the river current
It is a common misconception that when sweat comes out of
your skin, you are doing work. Indeed, not all tasks or activities
that you do can correspond to work done or being done.
Furthermore, it is also a
common
misconception that
objects which are not
moving have no energy.
When an object is at rest, there is energy in the form of
potential energy. In this lesson, you will learn how to
measure the potential energy and if work is done on an
object.
 Try it!
Warm-Up

Falling Balls

Describe the potential energy of falling billiards and ping pong

balls.
 Learn about It

Work

Work is the result when a certain amount of force applied to

an object causes it to change its motion and to have
displacement.

It is the product of force and displacement.

 Learn about It

Cases Where Work Is Done

To identify situations when work is done, the direction of the

force and the displacement must be identified. Work is done
when the force applied makes an object move parallel (or
antiparallel) to it.
 Learn about It

Positive Work Done on an Object

The direction of the applied

force is the same as the
direction of the
displacement, the work
done is positive.
Pushing a cart in the same direction
as the applied force produces
positive work.
 Learn about It

Negative Work Done on an Object

Work is done when the force applied to a moving object

hinders displacement.
 Learn about It

Negative Work Done on an Object

Friction hinders the

movement of the cart.
Thus, the work done by
friction on the object is
negative.

Work done by friction against a

moving cart is negative.
 Learn about It

No Work Done on an Object

There is no work done

when the force and the
object's movement are
perpendicular to each
other.

No work is done when a person

holds a ball and walks.
 Learn about It

No Work Done on an Object

Even if a strong force is applied

to an object and the object
does not move, no work is
done.

No work is done when an

object does not move.
 Learn about It

Potential Energy
Potential energy means stored energy. The
potential energy of a system is the energy stored
in a system due to its configuration (for example,
its position or orientation).
 Learn about It

Potential Energy

Potential energy takes many forms. It can be chemical,

electrical potential energy, or mechanical potential
energy.
 Learn about It

Potential Energy

Also, there are two forms of mechanical potential energy:

gravitational potential energy and elastic potential
energy.
 Learn about It

Gravitational Potential Energy

Gravitational potential energy is a type of potential energy
that is mainly associated with the mass of the object and its
position relative to the surface of the Earth.
 Learn about It

Gravitational Potential Energy

The energy is stored due to the gravitational attraction
between the object and Earth. To calculate gravitational
potential energy, use the equation below.
 Learn about It

Gravitational Potential Energy

Gravitational Potential Energy PEgrav

mass (m)

acceleration due to gravity (g)

distance of the object from a

reference point (h)
 Learn about It

Elastic Potential Energy

Elastic potential energy is a type of potential energy that is
stored in elastic materials due to compression or elongation.
 Learn about It

Elastic Potential Energy

To calculate elastic potential energy, use the equation below.

Elastic Potential Energy PEelastic

spring constant k
change relative to equilibrium
position x
 Key Points

● Work is defined as the product of the force applied to an

object and its change in position.
○ Work is done when the force applied makes an object move
in the same direction as the applied force. Here, work is
positive.
○ Work is done when the force applied to a moving object
hinders displacement. Here, work is negative.
○ No work is done when the force and the movement of the
object are perpendicular to each other.
○ No work is done when the object does not move.
 Key Points

● Potential energy is energy at rest.

○ Gravitational potential energy is the energy associated
with the position of an object relative to Earth.
○ Elastic potential energy is the energy stored in elastic
materials upon compression of elongation.
 Bibliography

Hewitt, Paul G. 2010. Conceptual Physics (11th ed) . New York: Pearson Education.

“Potential Energy.” The Physics Classroom. Accessed April 2, 2017.

http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Potential-Energy.

Young, H. and Freedman, R. 2008. Sears and Zemansky's University Physics ( with
Modern Physics) (12th ed.). USA: Pearson Education.
 Bibliography
Hewitt, Paul G. 2010. Conceptual Physics (11th ed) . New York: Pearson Education.

“Kinetic Energy.” The Physics Classroom. Accessed March 3, 2022.

http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Kinetic-Energy.

Young, H. and Freedman, R. 2008. Sears and Zemansky's University Physics ( with
Modern Physics) (12th ed.). USA: Pearson Education.