Business Statistics

A study on indicators of heart diseases

 Team Members

 Apurva Bhagat
 Bhanu Rajagopalan
 Chithambaranathan S
 Mahek Khanderia
 Sankalp K
 Vijaykumar Saikrishna
Overview
Heart disease refers to various types of conditions that can affect heart function.

With the given data of general public, the task was to identify the positive indicators of heart
diseases amongst a group of people.

The available database contains information like age, gender, type of chest pain, resting blood
pressure, cholesterol, fasting blood sugar levels, maximum heart rate achieved, resting ECG
results, exercised induced angina, etc.

These were analysed and the percentage chance of people having any heart related diseases has
been calculated.

Sources -
Collection of data - Survey (credits to Mr. Ramnath, WESchool)
Platform used for graphs and calculation - MS Excel.
Age - The person’s age in years
60.0 59.1 Average age: 56.8
AGE GROUP VS HD
58.0
56.2 48.05
56.0 47.13
54.6
54.0
NO HD
52.0 51.1 HD 42.6

50.0

48.0
30-45 46-60 61-80
46.0 HD%
WOMEN MEN

Inference – The average age of those with HD happens to be 56.8 in general. In the case of Men,
this is earlier at 56.2 as compared to women at 59.1.
Gender - The person’s sex i.e. Female and Male

55.7%
MEN
44.3%

HD
NO HD
26.0%
WOMEN
74.0%

0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0%

Inference – In general, Men are more prone to heart disease (55.7%) as compared to Women
(26.0%)
Chest Pain (CP) - Discomfort that one feels between the neck and upper abdomen.

72.5%
Asymptomatic
Type of chest pains considered are - 27.5%
21.7%
Non-anginal Pain
1. Asymptomatic 78.3%

2. Non-Anginal Atypical Angina

18.4% HD
81.6%
3. Atypical Angina NO HD
30.4%
4. Typical Angina Typical Angina
69.6%

0% .0
%
.0
%
.0
%
.0
%
.0
%
0. 2 0 40 60 8 0 0
10

Inference - Chest Pain is not an indicator of Heart Disease as chest pain is not always related to
an underlying condition. It may be also caused by -
● Lifting heavy weights
● Anxiety
● Acid Reflux
● Lung-related causes
Cholesterol -
Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in your blood. It’s not inherently “bad”. Your body
needs it to build cells and make vitamins and other hormones. But too much cholesterol can
pose a problem. High cholesterol contributes to a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, such
as heart disease and stroke.

280.0 276.2

270.0
257.3
260.0
246.4
250.0
NO HD
240.0 232.5 HD

230.0

220.0

210.0
WOMEN MEN

Inference - In general, Women have been identified with high cholesterol rates in their blood as
compared to Men and that stands true even in the case of various age groups.
Blood Pressure (TrestBPS) :-
Blood pressure is a measure of the force that your heart uses to pump blood around your body .
150.0 AVG FOR HD- 134.6
146.6
● Ideal blood pressure is considered to be 145.0 AVG FOR NO HD- 129.2
between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg 140.0

135.0 132.0
● High BP :- 140/90 mmHg or higher 128.7 129.5 NO HD
130.0 HD

● Low BP :- 90/60 mmHg or lower. 125.0

120.0

115.0
WOMEN MEN

Inference:- In general people with HD exhibit higher levels of Resting BP (134.6) as compared to
those who have no HD (129.2). Women with HD exhibit a much higher reading of BP(146.6) as
compared to Men(132.0).
Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) :-
A fasting blood sugar level of 99 mg/dL or lower is normal, 100 to 125 mg/dL indicates you have prediabetes,
and 126 mg/dL or higher indicates you have diabetes.
53.9%
54.0% 53.5%

52.0%

50.0%

48.0% NO HD
46.5% HD
46.1%
46.0%

44.0%

42.0%
Non-Diabetics Diabetics

Inference - From the above graph we can infer that, Diabetics is not a good indicator for risk of
heart disease.
Rest ECG:-
It records the electrical activity of a person's heart and provides information about heart rate and
rhythm.

Inference - According to the graph, 54.76% of people who have heart disease exhibit an
abnormal resting ECG. Only 37.4% of people with normal ECG results have heart disease.
Thalassemia - It is an inherited blood disorder that causes your body to have less haemoglobin
than normal. Haemoglobin enables red blood cells to carry oxygen. Thalassemia can cause anemia,
leaving you fatigued.

Effects of Thalassemia :

1. Fixed Defect : No blood flow

in some parts of the heart.

2. Reversible Defect : A blood

flow is observed but it is not
normal.

Inference - According to the graph, fixed and reversible defects are good indicators of heart
disease. 76.5% and 66.7% of patients with heart disease have fixed and reversible defects
respectively.
Old Peak-
ST depression is induced by exercise relative to rest. ‘ST’ relates to the position on the ECG
plot.

MEN
0.6 1.5

NO HD
HD

0.6 1.8
WOMEN

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Inference - A high Old peak level is a significantly good indicator of HD. People who
have HD exhibit a much higher level of Old peak(1.6) compared to those who do not(0.6)
SLOPE-
The ST segment shift relative to exercise-induced increments in heart rate.

74.1%
65.0%
57.1%

NO HD
25.9% 42.9% HD
35.0%

Upsloping Flat Downsloping

Inference - Flat (65% HD) and Down sloping(57.1%) are good indicators of HD.
Exercise Induced Angina (EXANG) -
Chest pain caused due to excessive physical movement/exercise.

Inference - Chest pain post exercise seems to be a good indicator of HD as 76.3% of

those who exhibited this have HD.
Relationship b/w Indicators and risk of heart disease

Significant Indicators Minor Indicators

● Age of the person ● Chest pain

● Cholesterol ● Fasting blood sugar value
● Resting blood pressure
● Abnormal resting ECG
● Thalassemia
● Old Peak
● Post-exercise Angina
● Flat and Down slope
“You never know when you will die, so live your life to the fullest!”