The Parts of Speech

The Parts of Speech
Noun Verb Preposition

Pronoun Adverb Conjunction
Adjective Interjection
Teaching method developed by Vi

cki Schmitt - 1994
Noun
A noun is a word used to
name a person, place,
thing, or idea.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt,
1998.
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Types of Nouns
1. Proper
2. Common
3. Abstract
4. Concrete
5. Collective
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Proper Noun
• A proper noun is the name of a

particular person, place, or thing.
• Ex. – Kay, Miami, White House
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Common Noun
• A common noun is the name
of an ordinary noun.
• Ex. – city, woman, building,

shoe
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Abstract Noun
• An abstract noun names a
quality, a characteristic, or an
idea.
• Ex. – beauty, strength, love,
courage
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Concrete Noun
• A concrete noun names an
object that can be perceived
by the senses.
• Ex. – hat, desk, book, box

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Collective Noun
• A collective noun names a
group.
• Ex. - crowd, team, class
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Possessive Case
• The possessive case of a noun or a
pronoun shows ownership or relationship.
• Ownership Relationship
Alice Walker’s poetry Crowfoot’s family
the student’s suggestions five dollars’ worth
your opinion my grandparents
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Possessive Case
1. To form the possessive of a singular
noun, add an apostrophe and an –s.
ex. The senator’s comments
player’s turn
2. To form the possessive of a plural noun

ending in –s, add only the apostrophe.
ex. Girls’ team the winners’ trophy
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Possessive Case
3. Do not use an apostrophe with
possessive personal pronouns or with
the possessive pronoun whose.
INCORRECT We thought the top score was

her’s.
CORRECT We thought the top score was hers.
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Possessive Case
4. To form the possessive of an indefinite
pronoun, add an apostrophe and an –
s.
Ex. Everyone’s vote counts equally.
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Possessive Case
5. Form the possessive of only the last
word in a hyphenated word, in the name
of an organization or a business firm, or
in a word group showing joint
possession.
Ex. father-in-law’s hobby

Lewis and Clark’s expedition
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Pronoun
• A pronoun is a word used in
place of a noun or of more than
one noun.
• Ex. – Angelo borrowed a hammer

and some nails. He will return
them tomorrow.
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Types of Pronouns
• Personal
• Reflexive
• Intensive
• Relative
• Interrogative
• Demonstrative
• Indefinite
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Personal Pronouns
Singular Plural
1st I, me, my, mine we, our, ours, us

Person
2nd you, your, yours you, your, yours

Person
3rd he, his, him they, their, theirs, them

Person she, her, hers
it, its
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Antecedent
• The word that a pronoun stands
for is called the antecedent.
• In the preceding example, Angelo

is the antecedent of he, and
hammer and nails are the
antecedents of them.
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Reflexive/Intensive Pronouns
• A reflexive or intensive pronoun is
created when the suffix –self or –selves
is added to the appropriate personal
pronouns.
1. Reflexive (The pronoun stands alone.)
Ex. Carmen hurt herself.
2. Intensive (The pronoun is next to another noun
or pronoun.)
Ex. Carmen herself was not hurt.
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.

cki Schmitt - 1994
Relative Pronoun
• A relative pronoun introduces a
subordinate (dependent) clause.
Who Which
Whose That
Whom
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Interrogative Pronouns
• An interrogative pronoun introduces a
question.
Who Which
Whom What
Whose
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Demonstrative Pronouns
• A demonstrative pronoun points out a
person, a place, a thing, or an idea.
• The demonstrative pronouns are this, that,

these, and those.
• Ex. This is our favorite song by Ella

Fitzgerald.
1998.
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Indefinite Pronouns
all either much other
another everybody neither several
any everyone nobody some
anybody everything none somebody
anyone few no one someone
anything many nothing something
both more one such
each most
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Indefinite Pronouns
• An indefinite pronoun refers to a
person, place, idea, or thing that may
or may not be specifically named.
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Adjectives
• An adjective is a word used to modify a
noun or a pronoun.
• To modify means “to describe or make

more definite”.
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Articles
• A, an, and the are articles.
• Identify articles by placing an orange box

around each of them.
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Adjectives
• Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns by
telling which one, what kind, how many.
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Which one?
• This street
• Those cars
• First step
• Last one
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What kind?
• Brown shoes
• Large animal
• Narrow road
• Nice person
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How many?
• Ten boxes
• Several boxes
• Fewer mistakes
• Many students
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Adjectives
• Adjectives usually precede the words they
modify.
• Ex. The wild and graceful deer ran

through the forest.
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Adjectives
• For emphasis, however, adjectives are
sometimes placed after the words they
modify.
• The deer, wild and graceful, ran through

the forest.
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Adjective Suffixes
• Common adjective suffixes include:
-able (tolerable) -en (wooden)

-ible (possible) -ful (thankful)
-ate (desolate, separate) -less (hopeless)
-esque (picturesque) -some (lonesome)
-ous
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Prepositions
• A preposition is a word used to show the
relation of a noun or pronoun to some
other word in the sentence.
• Think about the squirrel and the tree!!!!
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Prepositions
About at but (concerning)
Above before by
Across behind concerning
After below down
Against beneath during
Along beside except
Amid besides for
Among between from
Around beyond in
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More Prepositions
into since until
like through unto
of throughout up
off to upon
on toward with
over under within
past underneath without
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Conjunctions
• A conjunction is a word that joins words
or groups of words.
• There are three kinds of conjunctions:

1. coordinating conjunctions
2. correlative conjunctions
3. subordinating conjunctions
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Coordinating Conjunctions
• A coordinating conjunction connects
words or groups of words used in the
same way.
and or yet
but nor so
for
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Correlative Conjunctions
• Correlative conjunctions are pairs of
conjunctions that connect words or groups
of words used in the same way.
*Both . . . and
*Either . . . or
*Neither . . . nor
*Not only . . . but
*Whether . . . or
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Subordinating Conjunctions
• A subordinating conjunction begins a
subordinate (dependent) clause and
connects it to an independent clause.
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Subordinating Conjunctions
after because since
although before so that
as even though than
as if how that
as much as if though
as though in order that unless
as well as provided until
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More Subordinating
Conjunctions
when
whenever
where
wherever
whether
while
why
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Verbs
• A verb is a word used to express action or
a state of being.
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Forms of Be
• There are eight forms of the verb –BE.
am was be
is were been
are being
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Linking Verbs
am appear grow seem taste
is become look smell turn
are feel remain sound
was stay
were
be
been
being
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Verb Phrases
• A verb phrase consists of a main verb
and at least one helping verb. As many as
three helping verbs may precede the main
verb.
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Helping Verbs
am could do have can will
is would did has may shall
are should does had might
was must
were
be
been
being
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Action Verbs
• Action verbs fall into two categories:
1. Transitive
2. Intransitive
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Transitive Verbs
• A transitive verb is an action verb that
takes an object (a word that tells who or
what receives the action. The object is
either a noun or pronoun.)
Ex. Everyone (in the school) cheered the

football team.
**To find the object, ask who? or what? after the verb.
1998.
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Intransitive Verbs
• An intransitive verb is an action verb that
does not take an object.
• Ex. The gorilla smiled.

Suddenly, the child next door screamed.
1998.
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Adverbs
• An adverb is a word used to modify a
verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
1998.
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Adverbs
• Most adverbs end in –ly.
• Common adverbs include:
no very still
not almost too
never always well
n’t
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Adverbs
• An adverb may tell how, when, where, or
to what extent (how often or how much).
Ex. She drives carefully. (tells how she drives)
She drives early and late. (tells when)
She drives everywhere. (tells where)
She can almost drive. (tells to what
extent)
She drives daily. (tells how often)
1998.
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Interjection
• An interjection is a word that expresses
emotion and has no grammatical relation
to other words in the sentence.
• Examples: Oh! My goodness! Hurry!
• Interjections are followed by an

exclamation point. (!)
1998.
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The Parts of Speech - PWR PT

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Noun Verb Preposition

Teaching method developed by Vi

• A proper noun is the name of a

• Ex. – Kay, Miami, White House

• Ex. – city, woman, building,

• Ex. – hat, desk, book, box

• Ex. - crowd, team, class

2. To form the possessive of a plural noun

INCORRECT We thought the top score was

Ex. Everyone’s vote counts equally.

Ex. father-in-law’s hobby

• Ex. – Angelo borrowed a hammer

1st I, me, my, mine we, our, ours, us

2nd you, your, yours you, your, yours

3rd he, his, him they, their, theirs, them

• In the preceding example, Angelo

Teaching method developed by Vi

• The demonstrative pronouns are this, that,

• Ex. This is our favorite song by Ella

• To modify means “to describe or make

• Identify articles by placing an orange box

• Ex. The wild and graceful deer ran

• The deer, wild and graceful, ran through

-able (tolerable) -en (wooden)

• Think about the squirrel and the tree!!!!

• There are three kinds of conjunctions:

Ex. Everyone (in the school) cheered the

• Ex. The gorilla smiled.

• Examples: Oh! My goodness! Hurry!

• Interjections are followed by an

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