UNIVERSIDAD

TECNOLÓGICA
EQUINOCCIAL
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD “EUGENIO ESPEJO”

ODONTOLOGÍA

BACTERIAL INFECTION
DENTAL PLAQUE
MICROORGANISMS STRUCTURE

GABRIELA BARRERA-SOFÍA VELASCO

SEGUNDO “C”
 OUTLINE
 DEFINITION
 CHARACTERISTiCS
 QUIZ
 REFERENCES
BACTERIAL INFECTION
 What is Dental Plaque

Dental plaque is a biofilm which builds up on

and surrounding the teeth. Plaque is Sticky
and usually colorless. It forms every day on
teeth.

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http://www.smilecareworld.com
 Contents of Plaque
Plaque is formed by microorganisms
embedded in the matrix made up of saliva.
Most of the microorganisms are bacteria
(mainly Steptococcus mutans and anaerobes).
The anaerobes include Fusobacterium and
Actinobacteria. The composition varies by the
location of plaque.

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http://www.smilecareworld.com
 How the Plaque Causes Harm
The microorganisms found in plaque are
usually seen in mouth at all times and are
harmless. They feed on many of the foods we
eat. Carbohydrates and sugars are their
favorite. Plaque sticks to the teeth. If not
removed properly by tooth brushing it will
build up in thick layers.

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http://www.smilecareworld.com
 How the Plaque Causes Harm
Being the thick film saliva can not penetrate
and cannot neutralize the acid produced by
bacteria. These acids demineralise the closest
tooth surface. Thus it will lead to dental
caries.

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http://www.smilecareworld.com
 How the Plaque Causes Harm
Plaque also causes irritation of gums and
leads to gingivitis and if not removed, further
will lead to periodontitis and tooth loss.
Plaque can also mineralize and become hard
called calculus (tartar) which invites more
deposits causing more gum problems.

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http://www.smilecareworld.com
How the Plaque Causes Harm

For more details visit

http://www.smilecareworld.com
How the Plaque Causes Harm

For more details visit

http://www.smilecareworld.com
 Testing of Plaque
Plaque is usually clear and can not be seen by
necked eyes unless it is colored with a special
dye. Dentist can identify plaque with dental
instruments. Testing of plaque should be done
after brushing and flossing to see if any
residual plaque is remaining. It can be done
by two ways.

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http://www.smilecareworld.com
 Testing of Plaque
1. In this method, special tablets containing red dye
is chewed thoroughly and mixture of saliva and
dye is moved over teeth and gums for about
30sec. Mouth is then rinsed. The unremoved
plaque gets stained pink which can be removed
later on by brushing.
2. In second method a special fluorescent solution
is swirled around the mouth. Mouth is then
rinsed with water and teeth and gums are
examined while shining an ultraviolet plaque
light in to the mouth. There are no pink stains in
mouth with this method.
For more details visit
http://www.smilecareworld.com
 Control of Plaque
Some of the plaque is removed by saliva
and by movement of cheeks and tongue over
the teeth.
Regular brushing and flossing everyday (at
least two times) is necessary to remove the
plaque.
Regular professional cleaning by a dentist
is the best way to get rid of the plaque and
tartar.

For more details visit

http://www.smilecareworld.com
 Prokaryotae
(Bacteria)

• 0.2 – 2.0 µm in
diameter.
• Single celled micro-
organisms
• No membrane
bound organelles or
functional
cytoplasmic units
such as centrioles
 Prokaryotae
(Bacteria)

• A gelatinous
capsule, or
glycocalyx, formed
from
polysaccharides,
polypeptides or both,
surrounds a cell wall.
• Motile bacteria have
a flagellum
 Prokaryotae
(Bacteria)

• Additional thread
like projections
called pili assist in
the adhesion of two
bacteria and the
exchange of genetic
material.
 Prokaryotae
(Bacteria)

• Bacterial DNA found

in two locations; in the
circular
chromosome which
may be attached to
the cell membrane by
the mesosome, and
in the much smaller
unattached circular
plasmids.
 Prokaryotae
(Bacteria)
• Ribosomes and inclusion granules may
be found throughout the cytoplasm.
 QUIZ
• What is the bacterium of tuberculosis?
• Write the Classification of leprosy
• What is Dental Plaque?
• What is the diameter of the prokaryote
bacteria?
• Write the methods of testing of plaque
• Write the structures of bacteria
 REFERENCES
• http://es.slideshare.net/
indiandentalacademy/bacterial-infections-
icertified-fixed-orthodontic-courses-by-
indian-dental-academy
• http://es.slideshare.net/smilecareteam/
dental-plaque-6113868
• http://es.slideshare.net/scuffruff/bacterial-
cell-structure