ART AND VISUAL ELE-

MENTS
• In order to understand how to describe
a painting or sculpture, it is important
to comprehend first the visual elements
of art. These visual elements of art are
line , color, shape, space, value, texture,
time and motion.
 Line
This refers to a prolongation of a
point, or a mark on a surface.

Solid lines can be used in order

to define form while broken lines
are typically used to suggests
hidden forms.

Lines are also used to suggest

dimensions and to guide visual
movement.
 Vertical Lines
• shows height or stature, poise, balance. force,
strength, dignity and dynamism.
Ex. tall tree, standing
man, flag pole
 Horizontal Line
• indicates with rest, repose, quietness, calm-
ness, serenity, infinity, contemplation and in-
action.

ex. dead or reclining man, serene

sea, resting animal, and cementery
 Diagonal Lines
• manifest movement, action and direction.

Ex. Running Man, a flying Bird,

Galloping
horse, flowing river and
fireworks display
diagonaly
Broken line or Jagged line
• connote chaos, confusion, tension, distur-
bance, violence or war.

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 Straight Line
• exhibit steadiness, stiffness, stillness, inactiv-
ity, and force.

Ex. Inanimate objects like buildings and bridge

 Curved Line
• concave (inwards) or convex (outward) indi-
cate movements that are smooth.

ex. smile a graceful belly dancer, and flowing

hair
 Repeated Lines
• succession of lines and its used to show
rhythm.
 Contrasting lines
• combination of vertical and horizontal line or
combination of diagonal lines in opposite di-
rection.
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 Modified Line
• Combination of straight and curve line.

• combination of line of varying sahpes

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 Shape
• This element of art refers to an area with
boundaries identified or drawn using lines.
• A shape may be based on natural or living
forms. This shape is called an organic shape,
and can be irregular or rounded.
• A shape may also be based on measured
forms.
• This shape, on the other hand, is called a
geometric shape.
• It contrast to shape which is two-dimen-
sional,
• mass refers to solid portions of the three-di-
mensional object.
Color

• This refers to visual perception that allows a

person to differentiate objects due to the
way various wavelengths of light are re-
flected.
• Color is a very important element because it
can communicate information and emotion
to the viewer.
Color has three properties,
which as follows:

• Hue, which refers to the basic or pure color,

and is represented in the color wheel.
• Value, which refers to the lightness and dark-
ness of color.
- A light color or tint is the result of adding
white to a hue, while a dark color or shade re-
sult from adding black to a hue.
• Saturation, which refers to brightness and
dullness of color.
-It is also referred to as purity of a color.
-A bright color can be produced by adding
more pigment to the same hue, while a dull
color can be produced by adding gray or the
color's complement to the pigment.
The color wheel, which
is arrangement of
primary, secondary and
tertiary colors, is an
important tool to identify
which colors can work
well if used in a certain
artwork.

Those set of colors are

referred to as color
scheme or color
relationships. Some of
these color scheme are
discussed below.
 Primary Color
• first to produce and the rest of the colors are
produced as a result of their combination.
 Secondary Color
• -produce by combining two primary colors
blue + yellow =

Red + Yellow =

Red + blue=
 Intermediate colors
• RV,RO,YO,YG,BG,BV
 Adjacent Colors
• R and RO
• Y and YG
• B and BV
Color Schemes

Monochromatic - this color

scheme involves using the
same hue but with different
gradients of value.

Analogous - the analogous

color scheme entails the
use of three or four adjacent
color in the color wheel.
Complementary - the complementary
scheme involves the use of color and it's
complement
• --, meaning the color located
opposite of the first color.

Split- complementary - the color scheme

is a close relative to the complemen-
tary color scheme. But instead of us-
ing the color's complement.
Triadic - this color scheme uses
three colors that are of equal
distance with each other.

Tetradic - also known as double

complementary color scheme,
this uses two pairs of
complementary colors.
 Cool Color
• inconspicuous and strik-
ing to the eyes.
• also called receding col-
ors-they suggest dis-
tance, tranquility, sobri-
ety and restfulness

• V,G,B
 Warm Color
• conspicuous and strik- • associated as source of
ing to the eyes. heat such as sun, fire,
• also called advancing light
colors-they suggest • Y and O = most bril-
warmth, vivacity, cheer- liant, most cheerful,
fulness, exultation. most exultant
stimulation, instinctive • R = warmest, most ex-
action and excitement. citing, most vigorous
 Light Colors or Tint
• the value is lower that
the normal value
• P, F= tint of red
• azure or sky blue = tint
of blue
 Dark Colors/Shades
• the value is higher that
the normal value.

• Maroon= shade of red

• Navy blue = shade of
blue
Value

• This element refers to lightness or darkness

of an area.
• This element is evident in creating shadows
for a two - dimensional object to give an il-
lusion of depth.
Texture
This element refers to the feel or appearance of a sur-
face. A person may describe texture if the surface is ei-
ther smooth or rough. Texture may be described as ac-
tual or implied. Actual texture can be felt tangibly
based on the material that is used for the artwork.
 Space
• Space refers to the area that is occupied by
an object or a subject, as well as the area
surrounding that object or subject.
• An illusion of space can still be created in two
- dimensional surface using perspective.
• There are two types of perspective:
 atmospheric perspective, which utilizes the
properties of light and air in depicting the illu-
sion of distance; and
 linear perspective, which involves the use of
vanishing points and receding hidden lines.
An example of atmospheric An example of linear perspec-
perspective: tive:
 Time and Motion
• Movement in visual arts can either be an il-
lusion or an actual motion.
• An illusion of movement is more common in
two - dimensional artworks.
• On the other hand, actual motion is easily
seen in kinetic sculpture,
• Kinetic sculpture a type of sculpture that
moves with the wind or are vibrating with
the surrounding air.
An example of kinetic sculp- An example of painting with
ture: implied motion:
THE END😊