Jean Watson’s

Theory of Human Caring

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 Group members
 Bereket Molla
 Melese Adane
 Mohammed
 Ephrem Terefe
 Michael
 Benol
 Abe

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 Outline
Background of the Theorist
Introduction of the theory
Definitions and Major Concepts
 Significance of Nursing Theory
Watson Carative Factors
Transpersonal Caring relationships
Major Assumptions
Application of the nursing care practice
Strength and weakness
References
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 Objectives

At the end of this presentation

Define nursing human care theory
Describe basic concepts of nursing care theory
Discus nursing cares theory based on
eniviroment,person,health and nursing
Identify the strength and weakness of Watson
nursing care theory

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 Introduction
Jean Watson Human Caring Theory
 Dr Jean Watson was born on
June 10, 1940 in Williamson, in
West Virginia.
 Jean Watson was graduated
from the Lewis Gale School of
Nursing in Roanoke, Virginia,
in 1961.

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 CONT….
 She was attended nursing at the University of Colorado
in 1964.
 Msc in psychiatric and mental health nursing in 1966.

 She was studied her PhD in counseling and educational

psychology in 1973.
 She was getting awarded nine honorary doctoral degrees
from six countries.

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 Cont....
 She was served as former dean of the School of
Nursing at the University of Colorado.
 She is the founder of the Center for Human Caring in
University of Colorado.
 She was member of the American Academy of
Nursing.

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 Elements - caring theory

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 Major Concepts and Definitions
 Nursing is defined as a Caring Science that are given a
holistic caring for all clients .
 Caring Science helps us the positive energy that are
integrated mind, body and spirit.
 Caring is a moral readiness to humanity which is the
benefit of nurse and other personals.(Watson, 1988).

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 Cont….
 Caring is a harmonious providing care oneself to be
capable and another helpless clients (Fitzpatrick &
Whall, 2005).
 True caring is attribute in nursing to described and
clarified the uniqueness science of caring.
 Basic science of caring are supported by ten carative
factors that provide structure to the concept of caring.

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 Cont….

Caring is Science that concerned on how nurses express care

to their patients.


The humanistic aspects of nursing care intertwine with

scientific knowledge and nursing practice.


Nursing is concerned with promoting health, preventing

illness, caring for the sick, and restoring health.

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 Cont….
 Health promotion and caring is central to nursing care
practice & its better than medical cure.
 health care is holistic approach and central to the nursing
care practices.
 Caring can be demonstrated and practiced by nurses for
the patient to promote patient health.

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 Significance of Nursing Care Theory
It is used as a baseline for other academic discipline or a
profession.
Used to create concrete knowledge and recognition of
nursing care and practice.
Utilizes in its practice a well-defined and well organized
of Special knowledge and Intellectual learnings.

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Improve techniques of education and service through use
of the scientific method
Used to applies knowledge and practical services which
are vital to human and social welfare.
Functions autonomously in the formulation of
professional policy and there by in the control of
professional activity.
Attract intellectuals and personal qualities of service
recognition on their occupation.
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 Major concepts of Watson
 The Philosophy and Science of Caring has four major
concepts.These are:-
 human being/Person
 health
Environment or society
and nursing.

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 Environment or Society

Nursing Care has been existed in every society.

Every society has had their own care for others.
Caring attitude is the culture of the profession as a
unique way of coping with its environment.

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 Human being

 Human being is a valued person to be cared for,

respected, nurtured, and understood
 In general human being is a philosophical view of a
persons as a fully functional and integrated.
 Human Beings is a person who is recipient of nursing
care.
 It may be individuals, patients, groups, families, and
communities.
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 Health

Health is the unity and harmony within mind, body, and soul.

health is associated with the degree of congruence between

perceived and experienced.

It defined as the overall physical, mental, and social

functioning.

In general the adaptive maintenance of daily functioning

and efforts leading to the absence of illness.

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 Nursing

 Nursing is a human science and human health illness

experiences that are mediated by professional.
 It is a scientific art of beauty, taste, and ethical human
care transactions.
 The ultimate goal of nursing is to improve patient care.

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 Metaparadigm

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 Carative Factors

 It devised ten caring needs specific carative factors

critical to the caring human experience.
 The formation of a humanistic-altruistic system of
values.
 The instillation of faith full and hope fullness.
 The cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and to others.

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 Cont….

 Helping-trust relationship is the development of

helping-trusting, human caring relation (in 2004 Watson
website)
 The promotion and acceptance of the expression of
positive and negative feelings

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 Cont….
 The scientific problem solving method for decision
making becomes a creative problem solving caring
process. (in 2004 Watson website)
 The promotion of transpersonal teaching-learning
 The provision of supportive, protective, and corrective
mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment.

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 Cont….
 The assistance with gratification of human needs.
 The allowance for existential phenomenological forces
became allowance for existential phenomenological
spiritual forces. (in 2004 Watson website)

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 1.Formation of a Humanistic-altruistic
system of value

Practice of loving kindness

and equanimity within
context of caring
consciousness.

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 2. Instillation Faith-Hope
• being authentically
present, and enabling and
sustaining the deep belief
system and subjective life
world of self and the one-
being-cared-for.

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 3.Cultivation of sensitivity to self and to
others
cultivation of one’s
own spiritual practices
and transpersonal self,
going beyond ego self,
opening to others with
sensitivity and
compassion

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 4. Developing a helping-trusting, human care
relationship
• developing and
sustaining a helping-
trusting, authentic
caring relationship

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5. Promotion and acceptance of the expression
positive and negative feelings
• being present to, and
supportive of the
expression of positive and
negative feelings as a
connection with deeper
spirit of self and the one-
being-cared-for

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 6. Systematic use of the scientific problem-
solving for decision making
• creative use of self
and all ways of
knowing as part of
the caring process, to
engage in artistry of
caring and healing
practices.

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 7. Promotion of transpersonal teaching-learning

• becomes engaging in genuine

teaching-learning experience
that attends to the unity of being
and meaning attempting to stay
within other's frame of reference

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 8.Provision Supportive, protective, and/or
corrective mental, physical, societal, and
spiritual environment

• creating healing environment

at all levels, (physical as well
as non-physical, subtle
environment of energy and
consciousness, whereby
wholeness, beauty, comfort,
dignity, and peace are
potentiated

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 9.Assistance with gratification of human needs
while preserving human dignity and wholeness

• Nurse recognize the

biophysical, psychophysical,
psychosocial and
interpersonal needs of self and
patient all the while
remembering patients must
satisfy lower-order needs
before attempting to attain
higher order needs.

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 10.Allowance for and being open to existential

• Phenomenological and spiritual dimensions of

caring and healing that cannot be fully
explained scientifically through modern
western medicine- soul care for self and the
one being cared for

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 Transpersonal caring relationship
 Transpersonal means to go beyond ones own ego
and reach a deeper spiritual connection while
converting a patient
 Transpersonal relationship depends on
 A commitment from the nurse to enhance and
protect human dignity
 An awareness from the nurse that they have the
ability to heal
 The nurse must go beyond the objective role
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 Characteristics of theory
o logical in nature
o relatively simple
o generalizable
o based on phenomenonical studies that generally ask
questions rather than State hypothesis
o can be used to guide and improve practice
o supported by the theoretical work of numerous
humanities philosophers developmentalists and
psychologists
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 Major Assumptions

 science with humanities so that nurses have a strong

liberal arts and understand.
 Caring Science and a mind,body, spiritual study of the
humanities expands the mind and enhances thinking skills
and personal growth.
 Sciences and humanities was required to seal similar
cracks in the scientific basis of nursing knowledge
(Watson,1981,1997)
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Watson’s model has seven assumptions. These are:-

Caring can be effectively demonstrated and practiced only

interpersonally.

Caring consists of carative factors that result in the satisfaction

of certain human needs.

Effective caring promotes health and individual or family

growth.

Caring responses accept the patient as he or she is now, as well

as what he or she may become.

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 A caring environment is the development of potential
while allowing the patient to choose the best action at a
given point of time.
A science of caring is similarly to the science of curing.
Practice of caring is an intermediate to nursing.

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 Application Nursing Care
Practice
Watson’s nursing care theory making validated in the
following condition:-
o Outpatient
o inpatient

o community health clinical settings, and

o With in various populations if patient care
necessary.
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 The Case Study

Marta a 33-year-old female, gravida 4 Para 3, She presents with labor at 36 weeks gestation. She transfers

into your practice from the health department at 37 weeks, She have moved to the area for factory work, so
they have little social support from family and friends, and Maria stays at home to care for their three
children. Maria’s sister in-law is caring for their three children while Marta is in the hospital. Her medical
history is unremarkable, and her prenatal history is normal. As the nurse- caring for Martas, view and her
family holistically, wherein the body, mind, and soul are interrelated. Incorporate the carative factors, caring
consciousness, intentionality, and caring- practices, and to go beyond procedures, tasks, and techniques to
create a mentally, physically, and spiritually caring environment, while assisting with basic needs. Marta was
deliverd her baby by spontaneous vaginal delivery of a healthy infant girl, the baby Apgar score of 8 and 9.
Marta’s labor is uneventful, although she is treated for group B infection. After the delivery, position
Marta’s abdomen for skin-to-skin touch and help breastfeeding. After initial bonding, infant baby is
transported to the newborn nursery; her exam is normal and without problems. When the nurses note that
baby has not wet a diaper in over 6 hours, the neonatologist determines that baby has a kidney problem, and
she has to be transported to the LevelIII referral hospital for additional tests And evaluation.

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 Contn…
 Assessment:-She is on active labour, she feels labour
pain her vital sin is stable.
 Nursing Diagnosis:- fluid deficit related to labour
challenges and bleeding. Anxiety associated with
frustration of labour
 Goal:- delivered the mother free from complication
 Outcome:- delivered healthy newborn and see to the
mother
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 Cont….

Implementation:-
• administer fluid and necessary medication.
• Given emotional support to the mom
• Attend labour with pantograph and prepared
assisted material if necessary

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 Cont….
Evaluation
• Do vaginal examination Q 4hrs
• Uterine activity/contraction

• Cervical dilation and presentation

• Monitor fetal condition or fetal heart beat

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 Strengths

Nursing care theory consider as many findings easy to

understand.
The model can be used to guide and improve knowledge
of practices
it is important to equipped healthcare providers with the
most satisfying aspects of practice and can provide the
client with holistic care.

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 Cont….
Carative factors are based on broad assumptions that
provide a supportive framework.
It is best understood as a moral and philosophical basis
for nursing.
Health promotion, preventing illness and experiencing
peaceful death.
The carative factors provide guidelines for nurse-patient
interactions, an important aspect of patient care.
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 Cont….

Place clients in the context of the family the community and

the culture
places the clients at the focus of the practice rather than the
technology

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 Limitations

 It does not provide explicit direction about what to do

to achieve real caring-healing relationships.
 Nurses who want concrete guidelines may not feel
secure when trying to use this theory alone.
 It takes too much time to incorporate the Caritas into
practice.
 The personal growth emphasis a quality that while
appealing to some may not appeal to others.
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 Limitations cont..
 Biophysical need of the individual are given
less important the ten caritive factors
 Primarily delineate the psychosocial needs of
the person
 Needs further research to apply in practice

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 Summary
o She was assistant dean of the undergraduate program at
the University of Colorado
o The Science of Caring addresses how nurses express
care to their patients.
o Caring is central to nursing practice, and promotes
health better than a simple medical cure.
o Health care is central to the practice of caring in nursing.

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 Acknowledgement

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 Reference
 Alligood, M., & Tomey, A. (2010). Nursing theorists and their
work,seventh. Maryland Heights: Mosby-Elsevier.

 Dr. Jean Watson. (n.d.). Retrieved November 28, 2013

 Watson, J. (1979). Nursing: The philosophy and science of

caring. In George, J. (Ed.). Nursing theories.

 Watson, J. (2005). Caring science as a sacred science.

 Watson, J. (2006). From carative factors to clinical caritas

processes.
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 THANKYOU!!!

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