ORAL COMMUNICATION

IN CONTEXT
Elements of Communication
 THE INDIVIDUAL SENDING THE MESSAGE
- The person talking to someone is the sender
undergoing the “outflow” of communication and
the person talked to gets the “inflow” of
communication.

Basic Rule:
He who would outflow must inflow,
He who would inflow must outflow.
ELEMENTS OF SPEAKER TO EVERY
COMMUNICATION ACT:

 Communicative Purpose
 Speaker’s Knowledge
 Speaker’s Attitude
 Speaker’s Credibility
 THE MESSAGE
- The information or idea that is being
transferred in communication.

Three (3) Variables of Message:

 Content
 Structure
 Style (personal, impersonal or
fomal, literal, ironic, poetic)
 THE CHANNEL FOR THE MESSAGE
- it is how the message is delivered by the
sender.
 THE PERSON RECEIVING THE MESSAGE

ELEMENTS OF RECEIVER TO EVERY

COMMUNICATION ACT:
 Listener’s Purpose (be entertained,
informed, advised, or guided)
 Listener’s Knowledge and Interest in the
subject
 Level of Listening Skills
 Attitude toward self, speaker, and the
idea presented
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
CODE
- symbol system both known by the
sender and receiver.
DENOTATION
- literal meaning of the word.
CONNOTATION
- meanings people attach to a word that
are beyond the dictionary meaning.
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
- is the transmission of information in
addition to words in a communication.
CATEGORIES OF NONVERBAL SYMBOLS

 Kinesics
 Proxemics
 Paralanguage
 KINESICS
- the study of body motions to communicate.
 PROXEMICS
- nonverbal symbols involving the use of space
to communicate.
DISTANCE TYPICAL SITUATION
Touching to 18 inches Giving comfort or aid, whispering,
(10 to 46 cm) conversing with family/close friends.
18 inches to 4 ft. Talking to friends or business
(46 to 120 cm) associates.
4ft. to 12 ft. Discussing impersonal matters with
(1.2 to 3.6 meters) someone in authority/ Small group
discussion
12 ft. or more Public speaking, teaching a class
 PARALANGUAGE
- consists of ways in which you say words.

It includes the four (4) elements of voice:

 Volume
 Pitch
 Speaking Rate
 Voice Quality
 Volume or Voice Intensity
– loudness and softness of voice.
Characteristics of Volume:
• Degree
- refers to the amount of force applied.
• Form
- refers to the manner in which force is applied.
a) Effusive Form – applied gradually but firmly, shows
dignity and reverence.
b) Expulsive Form – firmly but rapidly, shows
decisiveness and sincerity.
c) Explosive Form –the manner is in a sudden
outburst, shows violence, anger or strong emotions.
• Projection
- process of directing the voice to a specific target.
 Pitch
– highness or lowness of sound of voice. (high, medium, low)
Characteristics of Pitch:
• Key Tone
- high key level (excitement, irritation, extreme youth),
lower key (assurance, power, strength).
- your key should be in lower half of your natural range.
• Voice Inflection
- the change in pitch occurring between syllables or words.
• Melody Patterns
- rhythm and swing of phrases and sentences.
 Speaking Rate
– how fast or slowly you are speaking.

Characteristics of Rate:
• Too Slow
- shows dullness, listlessness, apathy, laziness, and
sometimes lack of intelligence.
• Slow
- shows calmness and formality
• Rapid
- projects enthusiasm, excitement, nervousness, tension
etc.
 Voice Quality / Timbre / Tone Color
– characteristic of voice that makes it pleasant or unpleasant
to hear.
Voice (production of sound)
Speech (combination of sounds that become symbols representing
meanings)
Types of Voice Quality
• Normal Voice (natural voice)
• Breathy Voice / Whispery Voice (atmosphere secrecy and
mystery)
• Full Voice (formal and dignified)
• Chesty Voice (deep hollow voice, usually for ghost part or spirit)
• Thin Voice /Falsetto (high-pitch)
 Voice Quality / Timbre / Tone Color
– characteristic of voice that makes it pleasant or unpleasant
to hear.
Voice (production of sound)
Speech (combination of sounds that become symbols representing
meanings)
Types of Voice Quality
• Normal Voice (natural voice)
• Breathy Voice / Whispery Voice (atmosphere secrecy and
mystery)
• Full Voice (formal and dignified)
• Chesty Voice (deep hollow voice, usually for ghost part or spirit)
• Thin Voice /Falsetto (high-pitch)
 THINGS TO CONSIDER IN VERBAL COMMUNICATION

 APPROPRIATENESS (the language that you use should be appropriate

to the environment or occasion)

 BREVITY (simple yet precise and powerful words are more credible)

 CLARITY (meanings may be interpreted differently, thus, clearly

stating the message is essential)

 ETHICS (words should carefully chosen in consideration of the

gender, ethnicity, preferences, and status of the listener)

 VIVIDNESS (using of creative and charming words add colors to

communication)
MASTERY OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION IS IMPORTANT FOR
SEVERAL REASONS:
 It enhances and emphasizes the message of your speech, thus making
it more meaningful, truthful, and relevant.
 It can communicate feelings, attitudes, and perceptions without
saying a word.
 It can sustain the attention of listeners and keep them engaged in
speech.
 It gives the audience a preview to the type of speaker you are.
 It makes you appear more dynamic and animated in your delivery.
 It serves as a channel to release tension and nervousness.
 It helps your speech more dramatic.
 It can build a connection with listeners.
 It makes you a credible speaker.
 It helps you vary your speaking style and avoid a monotonous
delivery.