Machining

Workshop Practice
ME-105

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of E&ME, NUST Pakistan
 Contents
• Machining Definition
• Core Machining Operations
• Turning
• Milling
• Drilling
• Boring
• Shaping
• Planing
• Broaching
• Machines (Lathe & Mill)
• Machine Tools
MACHINING OPERATIONS
 Machining
• Machining: A set of processes used to produce a part through “controlled”
material removal.

• Machining is subset of a whole range of subtractive manufacturing processes.

• Core machining operations are:

1. Turning Operations
2. Milling Operations
3. Drilling Operations

• Other miscellaneous machining operations include:

1. Sawing
2. Shaping
3. Broaching
4. Knurling
5. Threading
 Turning
• Used to remove material from a workpiece by rotating it against at a
cutting tool.

• The cutting tool is moved linearly across the rotating workpiece

resulting in material removal.

• The linear motion of cutting tool is called feed and it determines the
depth and speed of cutting (CHECK WHAT IS FEED RATE AND DEPTH
OF CUT).

• Turning operations are performed on lathe machines.

• Turning operations reduce the diameter of a workpiece either uniformly

or to form a taper (known as taper turning).

• Turning operations are performed to produce axis-symmetrical parts.

Turning Illustrations
 Drilling
• Used to drill holes by contacting the static workpiece with
a rotating cutting tool.
• Drilling is performed with drill press machines, milling
machines or lathe machines (HOW??).
• The rotating cutting tool is termed as drill.
• Boring is similar to drilling, except that the tool remains
static while the workpiece rotates to remove material
• Typical drill machines found in machining shops are:
1. Bench Drills
2. Radial Arm Drills
 Miscellaneous Operations
Sawing
Sawing is cutting of work pieces in a narrow
kerf by many chisel-type teeth on a saw blade
arranged one after the other for the purpose
of cutting off or of providing work pieces
with slots or recesses.
 Threading
• Thread is a helical structure used to
convert between rotational and linear
movement or force. A screw thread is a
ridge wrapped around a cylinder or cone
in the form of a helix, with the former
being called a straight thread and the
latter called a tapered thread.
 Knurling
• Knurling is a manufacturing process,
typically conducted on a lathe, whereby
a pattern of straight, angled or crossed
lines is rolled into the material.
• Broaching
• Broaching is a machining operation that
uses a metal working tool with a series
of chisel points mounted on one piece of
steel
Shaping
shaping is a material removal process in which
a cutting tool takes mass and shapes a
stationary object to produce a sculpted or
plane surface.
MACHINES & TOOLS
 Lathe Machines

Manually Operated Lathe Machine Motions of Compound Rest

 Major Lathe Machine Parts
• Head Stock
• Chuck
• Tool Post
• Compound Rest
• Tail Stock
• Bed
• Feed Screw
• Carriage
THE END