CHAPTER 2, LESSON

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THE SKIN

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 OBJECTIVES:
 List four functions of the skin.
Describe the two layers of the
skin
Describe the types of burns
Describe the way the skin heals
itself.

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 FUNCTION OF THE
INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM
The skin, hair ,and nails make
up the integumentary system.
The integumentary system:
1. covers your body
2. helps you maintain
homeostasis.

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 FUNCTIONS OF THE
1. Gather SKIN
information
about the environment
2. Keeps foreign particles
out of your body
3. Gets rid of wastes
4. Regulates body
temperature
5. Produce vitamin D

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 SKIN COLOR
• Determined by
amount of melanin
in the epidermis of
skin
• The more melanin,
the darker the skin
color
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SKIN STRUCTURE
The skin is made up of three layers:
Epidermis-Dermis-Subcutaneous
layer

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 EPIDERMIS
• The outer superficial layer
of skin is the epidermis.
• The epidermis is made up
of epithelial tissue.
• The cells of the epidermis
are filled with a protein
called keratin that helps
make the skin tough.
• The epidermis is thicker on
the palms and on the soles.

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 DERMIS
• The thickest layer of the skin.
• It is directly beneath the
epidermis.
• The dermis consists of connective
tissue, nerve fibers, muscle fibers,
sweat glands, oil glands, hair
follicles , and blood vessels.

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 DERMIS
• Blood vessels in the dermis provide
nourishment to the living cells and help regulate
body temperature.
• Muscle fibers in the dermis are attached to hair
follicles contract and pull hair upright when you
are cold or afraid.
• sensory neurons that allow you to sense signals
from the environment such as heat and pressure.

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 DERMIS
• Two types of exocrine glands: sweat glands and oil glands.
• A) sweat glands:
- Sweat glands release excess of water and salts.
- Also help regulate body temperature.
• B) oil gland:
- Found in large numbers on the face and scalp.
- Secrete the fatty substance Sebum.
- Are connected by tiny ducts to hair follicles.
- When the glands produce too much oil, the follicle can
become blocked causing the formation of blackhead, or acne.

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oil

fibers

fiber

cells 11
 SUBCUTANEOUS
LAYER
• Below the dermis layer is
the subcutaneous layer, a
layer of connective tissue
that stores fat and helps
the body retain heat.

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 SKIN INJURIES
 When the skin is injured ,it has a
remarkable ability to repair itself.
 Healing steps:
1. A blood clot forms over a cut to
stop bleeding and to keep
bacteria from entering the
wound.
2. Damaged cells are replaced
through cell division.
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 Skin burns
• Burns are classified according to their severity.

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Skin burns

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