Course : Chem 401LF (Chemistry practical-IV)

Name of the experiment : Determination of the solubility

product constant of BaSO4 conductometrically.
  Solubility products :

The solubility product, Ks, of an ionic compound is defined as the product

of the concentration of the ions that exist in equilibrium
with the solid compound in a saturated solution.

Conductometry :
Conductometry is a measurement of electrolytic conductivity to monitor a progress of chemical reaction.
Conductometry has notable application in analytical chemistry, where conductometric titration is a standard
technique. In usual analytical chemistry practice, the term conductometry is used as a synonym
of conductometric titration while the term conductimetry is used to describe non-titrative
applications.Conductometry is often applied to determine the total conductance of a solution or to analyze the
end point of titrations that include ions.
Theory:
In a saturated solution of sparingly soluble salt, the solution is so dilute that the effects of interionic
attraction are negligible.
The equivalence conductance of such a solution may be assumed to be practically equal to the
limiting value obtained by extrapolation to infinite dilution ( 0).
If the specific conductance (k) of the saturated solution and that of the water used as solvent are
determined,the specific conductance of the ions of the salt may be calculated by simple substraction.
ksolution – kwater = kions ………………………………..(1)
By definition the equivalent conductance is given by
= kions V1000 = = kions ……………………………….(2)
Where, V = volume (in mL) containing 1g of the solute
And C= concentration in g - equivalent/litter.
Since assumed to be equal to equivalent conductivity at infinite dilution, we get
C= ……………………………………..(3)
The value 0 can be obtained from the sum of the ionic conductivity i.e,

0 = 0(cations) + 0(anions) ……………………………(4)

From the solubility value, we can calculate its solubility product (K s) as
Ks = [Cation] [Anion]
=C2 [ for 1:1 or 2:2 electrolyte] ……………….(5)
Procedure :

1) Determination the cell constant for the conductance cell employed using 0.01M and
0.02M KCl solution.
2) The conductance of the conductance water is measured repeatedly at 25
until a constant value is obtained.
3) The salt whose solubility and solubility product is to be determined is shaken
repeatedly with conductance water to remove any soluble impurities.The well-washed
salt is suspended in conductance water in a conical flask,which has been thoroughly
cleaned,and rinsed with conductance water .The suspension is warmed moderately,then
placed in thermostat at constant temperature say at 25
, and stirred vigorously until it has come to equilibrium at the temperature of the
thermostat.
4) The specific conductance of this solution is measured repeatedly with fres samples of
the solution until a constant value is obtained.
Preparation of 0.01M and 002M KCI solution in water:
Amount of KCI required,
=
=0.7455g
Amount of KCI taken = 0.745g
Actual concentration,
𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑲𝑪𝒍
𝟎 . 𝟕𝟒𝟓 𝒈 𝑲𝑪𝒍 ×
= 𝟕𝟒 .𝟓𝟓 𝒈
𝟏𝑳
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝑳 ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝑳
=0.0999M

Table 1: Preparation of 0.01 and 0.02M KCl solution in water

Concentration of solution to Volume of solution to be Concentration of parent Amount of parent solution Actual concentration/m
be prepared/m prepared/mL solution/m taken/m

0.01 50.00 0.0999 5.00 0.00999

0.02 50.00 10.00 0.01998
Calculation:
Amount of stock solution required for 0.01M solution
=
=5.005mL
Amount of stock solution taken = 5.00 mL
Actual Concentration =
= 0.00999 M
Amount of stock solution required for 0.02M solution
=
=10.01mL
 Table 2: Cell constant of the supplied cell

Concentration Obserbed Conductance of water Actual Specific Cell Average cell

of KCI conductance of 32.6 conductance conductance constant constant/cm-1
solution/m of KCI G/s at 32.6 K/G
solution/m k/scm-1 /cm-1
0.01 917-6 20.13-6 896.87-6 0.001638 1.8263 2.0987

0.02 1371-6 1.35-6 0.003201 2.3711

Table 3: Conductance and specific conductance of distilled water

Observation Observed conductace of Average conductance G/S Cell constant K/G Specific conductance
no water at 32.6 /cm-1 G
/Scm-1

1 20.1-6

2 20.2-6 20.13-6 2.0987 42.24-6

3 20.1-6
Calculation for cell constant :

Cell constan for 0.01M = ( cm-1

= cm-1

=1.8263 cm-1

Cell constant for 0.02M = ( cm-1

= cm-1
= 2.3711 cm-1
Average cell constant =
= 2.0987 cm-1
Calculation for specific conductance of distilled water

Specific conductance = (G)Scm-1

= (20.13-6 2.0987)
= 42.24-6 Scm-1
Table 4: Conductance and specific conductance of BaSO4 saturated solution

Observation no Observed Average Cell constant Specific

conductance of the conductance /cm-1 conductance of
solution/S G/S solution G /Scm-1

1 25-6

2 26-6 25-6 2.0987 52.46-6

3 25-6

Calculation
Specific conductance of the solution
= Average cell consant (G) Cell constant ()
= 25-6 2.0987
= 52.46-6
Here,
Kions = ksolution kw
=52.46-6
=10.22 10-6 Scm-1
Here,
0 (Ba )= 127.2 Scm mol
2+ 2 -1

0 (SO 4)= 160.0 Scm mol

2- 2 -1

m= (127.2+160.0) Scm mol

0 2 -1

= 287.2 Scm2mol-1

Now,
Concentration C=

C=

= 1.82-4 mol cm-3

The solubility product constant

Ks = [Ba2+ ] [SO2-4 ]
= C2
-4 2 2 -6
Result :

The solubility product constant of BaSO4 at 32.6conductometrically was found

3.33-8 mol2 cm-6
THE END