ERGONOMICS ANDFACILITIES PLANNING

FOR HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

HM -PUP SMB
RCPIZARRO
 ERGONOMICS
• The term itself means the "laws of work." It comes from the
Greek words ergon ("work") and nomos ("laws"). The basic
principle of ergonomics is to make sure the job environment –
including tasks, work stations, tools, and equipment – is well-
matched to the worker, minimizing stress on that worker’s body.
• ERGONOMICS (OR HUMAN FACTORS) IS THE SCIENTIFIC
DISCIPLINE CONCERNED WITH THE UNDERSTANDINGOF
INTERACTIONS AMONG HUMANS AND OTHERELEMENTS OF A
SYSTEM, AND THE PROFESSION THAT APPLIES THEORY,
PRINCIPLES, DATA AND METHODS TODESIGN IN ORDER TO
OPTIMIZE HUMAN WELL-BEING AND OVERALL SYSTEM
PERFORMANCE
• HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS IS THE
APPLICATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
PHYSIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES TO THE
ENGINEERING AND DESIGN OF PRODUCTS,
PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS.
• THE GOAL OF ERGONOMICS IS TO REDUCE
STRESS AND ELIMINATE INJURIES AND
DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OVERUSE OF
MUSCLES, BAD POSTURE, AND REPEATED TASKS.
• ERGONOMICS FOCUSES ON THE INTERACTION
THAT PEOPLE ESTABLISH OR CAN ESTABLISH
WITH THE OTHER ELEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM
IN WHICH AND WITH WHICH THEY CARRY OUT
THEIR WORK AND DAILY LIFE ACTIVITIES.
• INTERACTION THAT TAKES PLACE WITHIN A
COMPLEX SYSTEM, IN WHICH EACH ELEMENT
AFFECTS AND MODIFIES OTHERS, AND OF WHICH
PEOPLE ARE AN INTEGRAL PART WITH THEIR
CHARACTERISTICS, SKILLS NEEDS AND
EXPECTATIONS.
• ERGONOMICS IN THE WORKPLACE HAS ALSO BEEN
SHOWN TO YIELD SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN
PRODUCTIVITY, REDUCTIONS IN EMPLOYEE
ABSENTEEISM, AND DECREASES IN EMPLOYEE
TURNOVER RATES
• The aim of ergonomics is to optimize, that is
to improve at the highest possible level, both
thewell-being of people and the overall
performance of the system, through
evaluation and designinterventions aimed at
making compatible environments and systems
with people’s needs,abilities and limitations.
 Purpose of hotel ergonomics?
• HOSPITALITY ENVIRONMENTS – FACILITIES AND
DESIGN
• OCCUPATIONAL RISK FACTORS,
• PREVENT INJURIES,
• REDUCE THE OCCURRENCE OF SLIPS, TRIPS AND
FALLS AS WELL AS
• REDUCING SOFT TISSUE INJURIES AND
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS CAUSED BY SUDDEN
OR SUSTAINED EXPOSURE TO FORCE
 There are five aspects of ergonomics:
• SAFETY,
• COMFORT,
• EASE OF USE,
• PRODUCTIVITY/PERFORMANCE, AND
• AESTHETICS.

• BASED ON THESE ASPECTS OF ERGONOMICS, EXAMPLES

ARE GIVEN OF HOW PRODUCTS OR SYSTEMS COULD
BENEFIT FROM REDESIGN BASED ON ERGONOMIC
PRINCIPLES
 ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLES
• ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLES ARE THE KEY IDEAS THAT
UNDERLIE THE BEHAVIORS THAT WORKERS SHOULD
PRACTICE IN ORDER TO AVOID ERGONOMIC
INJURIES, SUCH AS MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
(MSDS). IT IS A NON-STANDARDIZED TERM, BUT
COMMONLY REFERS TO ENSURING THAT THE TOOLS
AND METHODS THAT A WORKER USES ARE A SAFE
MATCH TO THEIR PHYSICAL CAPABILITIES.
 Principle 1
Work in Neutral Postures

• Your posture provides a good starting point for

evaluating the tasks that you do. The best
positions in which to work are those that keep
the body "in neutral."
 Principle 2
Reduce Excessive Force

• Excessive force on your joints can create a

potential for fatigue and injury. In practical
terms, the action item is for you to identify
specific instances of excessive force and think
of ways to make improvements.
 Principle 3
Keep Everything in Easy Reach

• The next principle deals with keeping things

within easy reach. In many ways, this
principle is redundant with posture, but it
helps to evaluate a task from this specific
perspective.
 Principle 4
Work at Proper Heights

• Working at the right height is also a way to

make things easier.
• There are exceptions to this rule, however.
Heavier work is often best done lower than
elbow height.
 Principle 5
Reduce Excessive Motions

• The next principle to think about is the

number of motions you make throughout a
day, whether with your fingers, your wrists,
your arms, or your back.
 Principle 6
Minimize Fatigue and Static Load

• Holding the same position for a period of time

is known as static load. It creates fatigue and
discomfort and can interfere with work.
 Principle 7
Minimize Pressure Points

• Another thing to watch out for is excessive

pressure points, sometimes called "contact
stress."
 Principle 8
Provide Clearance

• Having enough clearance is a concept that is

easy to relate to.
• Work areas need to be set up so that you have sufficient room for your head, your knees, and
your feet. You obviously don’t want to have to bump into things all the time, or have to work
in contorted postures, or reach because there is no space for your knees or feet.
 Principle 9
Move, Exercise, and Stretch

• To be healthy the human body needs to be

exercised and stretched
If you have a sedentary
job, you may want to
take a quick "energy
break" every so often to
do a few stretches.
If you sit for long periods,
you need to shift postures:
Adjust the seat up and
down throughout the day.
Move, stretch, and change
positions often.
 Principle 10
Maintain a Comfortable Environment

• This principle is more or less a catch-all that

can mean different things depending upon the
nature of the types of operations that you do.
 3 Categories of Ergonomics
• The goal of implementing ergonomics in
workspaces is to improve the productivity,
comfort, health, and wellness of employees.
 Physical ergonomics

• Physical ergonomics refers to the physical and

physiological capabilities of users when dealing
with a product. Historically it is the most known
branch of ergonomics by the general public, it is
often associated with comfort of use but not only.
• Physical ergonomics studies the relationship
between the body and a machine. The first goal of
these studies was to avoid musculoskeletal
disorders (MSD) during factory work.
 Cognitive ergonomics

• Cognitive ergonomics refers to the

understanding of systems by users. It studies
the psychological aspect of users when faced
with a physical or digital interface.
 Organizational Ergonomics

• Organizational ergonomics is responsible for

optimizing systems concerning the policies of
an institution.

• Some of the aspects that are part of the

organizational ergonomics are the
improvements in the communication system,
the promotion of teamwork , among others.
 MSDs
• Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are injuries or
disorders of the muscles, nerves, tendons, joints,
cartilage, and spinal discs. Work-related
musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) are conditions in
which:

1. The work environment and performance of work

contribute significantly to the condition; and/or
2. The condition is made worse or persists longer due to
work conditions.
 Examples of MSDs include:

• Sprains, strains, and tears

• Back pain
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Hernia
 TO BE ERGONOMIC , A DESIGN MUST

• FIT THE USER

• EASY TO USE
• IMPROVE COMFORT
• IMPROVE PERFORMANCE
• IMPROVE HEALTH AND SAFETY