Writing and Naming Ionic Compounds

Writing and Naming
Ionic Compounds
General Chemistry 1
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Everyone is familiar
with salt—whether it
is rock salt, sea salt, or
iodized salt. It is an
important commodity
in cooking and baking.
2
Typically, salt is
associated with the
chemical compound
sodium chloride.
Although it is true that
sodium chloride is
indeed an example of
salt, it is not the only
salt there is.
3
You have learned from
previous lessons that
ions are charged
species formed when
atoms lose or gain
electrons.
4
In this lesson, you will learn that positively-charged cations
can combine with negatively-charged anions to form ionic
compounds. You will also learn how to write the formula
and provide the names of these ionic compounds.
5
What are ionic compounds
and how are they formed?
6
Learning Competency
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following:
Name compounds given their formula and

write formula given the name of the
compound (STEM_GC11AM-Ic-e-23).
7
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following:
● Define ionic compounds.
● Describe ionic bond formation.
● Write the chemical formula of ionic compounds.
● Name ionic compounds.
8
Formation of Ionic Compounds
Atoms vs. Ions

● Atoms are neutral entities.
9
Atoms vs. Ions

● A cation is formed when an atom loses one or more
electrons resulting in a net positive charge.
10
Atoms vs. Ions

● A cation is formed when an atom loses one or more
electrons resulting in a net positive charge.
● An anion is formed when an atom gains one or more
electrons resulting in a net negative charge.
11
Ionic Compounds
● compounds that are made of cations and anions
assembled together in a crystal lattice
● The bond that holds these ions together in the lattice is
called the ionic bond.
12
Ionic Bond
● Ionic bonds are formed when there is an electron
transfer between two or more atoms.
● These are stabilized by electrostatic forces of attraction
between the positively-charged cation and the
negatively-charged anion.
13
When a sodium
atom loses one
electron in its
valence shell which is
transferred to the
valence shell of a
chlorine atom.
14
As a result, sodium
chloride is formed,
and an ionic bond is
formed between the
positively-charged
sodium ion and the
negatively-charged
chloride ion.
15
How are chemical formulas
of ionic compounds
determined?
16
Writing Formulas of Ionic Compounds
● The most important consideration in writing the

chemical formulas of ionic compounds is their
electrical neutrality.
● When a cation and an anion combine, they must form

an ionic compound with a net charge of zero.
17
Group Charge Group Charge
1A +1 5A -3
2A +2 6A -2
3A +3 7A -1
4A Ge rarely form
*C, Si, and * cations,8A
while Sn and**Pb can
form multiple ions.
**Noble gases do not form ions. 18
Tips
The charge state for representative elements

can be obtained using the formula:
for metals:
charge state = group number
for nonmetals:
charge state = group number - 8
19
Metal Charge States Metal Charge States
Cd +2 Au +1, +3
Cr +2, +3 Fe +2, +3
Co +2, +3 Mn +2
Cu +1, +2 Hg +1, +2
Ni +2, +3 Pt +2, +4
20
Formulas of Ionic Compounds with Monatomic Ions

● Ionic compounds that are composed of monatomic
ions are called binary compounds.
● To write the chemical formula of binary compounds,

we must consider their electrical neutrality.
21
Tips
You can use the criss-cross method

in writing the chemical formula of
ionic compounds.
22
Tips
To use this method, take the

absolute value of the cation’s
charge and use it as the subscript of
the anion in the chemical formula.
23
Tips
Then, take the absolute value of the

anion’s charge and use it as the
subscript of the cation in the
chemical formula. Finally, reduce
the subscripts to their simplest
ratio.
24
Formulas of Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions

● Polyatomic ions are charged chemical species
composed of two or more atoms that are covalently
bonded to each other.
● For example, nitrate (NO3-) is a polyatomic anion.
25
When Ca2+ and NO3-

combine together,
the criss-cross
method tells us that
the resulting ionic
compound should
have one calcium ion
and two nitrate ion.
26
Formulas of Acids and Their Salts

● There are many theories to define an acid.
27

● The simplest one states that an acid is a molecule or
ion that produces hydrogen ions (also written as H+)
when dissolved in water.
28

● The simplest one states that an acid is a molecule or
ion that produces hydrogen ions (also written as H+)
when dissolved in water.
● Hydrogen chloride is considered an acid because it is a
gaseous molecule that dissociates into H+ and Cl- in the
presence of water.
29

● To write the chemical formula of acids, the correct
number of hydrogen ions is supplied in order to
neutralize the anion.
● The criss-cross method is still applicable.
30
How does the electrical
neutrality of ionic compounds
manifest in their chemical
formula?
31
Let’s Practice!
Write the chemical formula for potassium sulfide.
32
Let’s Practice!
Write the chemical formula for potassium sulfide.
The chemical formula of potassium sulfide is K2S.
33
Try It!
Write the chemical formula for

strontium oxide.
34
Let’s Practice!
Write the chemical formula for cobalt (III) fluoride.
35
Let’s Practice!
Write the chemical formula for cobalt (III) fluoride.
The chemical formula of cobalt (III) fluoride is CoF3.
36
Try It!

stannous chloride.
37
Let’s Practice!
Write the chemical formula for chromium (III)

nitrate.
38
Let’s Practice!
Write the chemical formula for chromium (III)

nitrate.
The chemical formula of chromium (III) nitrate is

Cr(NO3)3.
39
Try It!

mercurous phosphate.
40
How are ionic compounds
named?
41
Naming Ionic Compounds
Nomenclature of Common Cations

Monatomic cations with only one charge state are named
by writing their element name and then adding the word
ion.
Na + sodium ion
42

Monatomic cations with only one charge state are named
by writing their element name and then adding the word
ion.
Zn +2 zinc ion
43

For monatomic cations with several charge states,
different rules are applied to distinguish the different
charge states.
lower
-ous charge
state
44

For monatomic cations with several charge states,
different rules are applied to distinguish the different
charge states.
higher
-ic charge
state
45

Usually, the stem name is taken from the element’s Latin
name.
Fe +2 Fe+3
ferrous ion ferric ion
46

Stock system: the cation’s charge state is written as
Roman numerals enclosed in parentheses beside the
element’s name.
Fe +2 Fe+3
iron (II) ion iron (III) ion
47
Element Stem Name Charge Traditional Stock

State Naming Naming
chromium chrom- +2 chromous chromium (II)
+3 chromic chromium (III)
cobalt cobalt- +2 cobaltous cobalt (II)
+3 cobaltic cobalt (III)
copper cupr- +1 cuprous copper (I)

48
Element Stem Charge Traditional Stock

Name State Naming Naming
gold aur- +1 aurous gold (I)
+3 auric gold (III)
iron ferr- +2 ferrous iron (II)
+3 ferric iron (III)

49
Element Stem Charge Traditional Stock

Name State Naming Naming
mercury mercur- +1 mercurous mercury (I)
+2 mercuric mercury (II)
nickel nickel- +2 nickelous nickel (II)
+3 nickelic nickel (III)

50
Nomenclature of Common Anions

Monatomic anions are named by adding the suffix -ide to
the stem name of the element.
Cl – S-2
chloride ion sulfide ion
51
Nomenclature of Binary Compounds

● Binary compounds are compounds that contain only
two types of elements.
52

● Binary compounds are compounds that contain only
two types of elements.
● Ionic compounds are named by writing the cation
name first, followed by the anion name.
53
NaCl
Na+ Cl–
sodium chloride
54
Nomenclature of Polyatomic Compounds

● Polyatomic compounds are compounds with three or
more types of elements.
55

● Polyatomic anions usually come in the form of
oxoanions, which are ions that contain both a
nonmetal element and oxygen.
56

● Polyatomic anions usually come in the form of
oxoanions, which are ions that contain both a
nonmetal element and oxygen.
● For example, CO32- is an oxoanion because it contains
the nonmetal element carbon and oxygen.
57
Nomenclature of Polyatomic Ions

Oxoanions are named by appending the suffix -ate to the
element’s stem name.
CO 3
2-
carbon + ate
58

If the nonmetal can form two oxyanions, then the one
with a lower number of oxygen atoms is appended with
the suffix -ite.
SO3 2-
SO4 2-
sulfite sulfate
59

If more than two oxoanions are possible, then the
following rules are applied:
increasing number of oxygen
ClO -
ClO2 -
ClO3 -
ClO4 -
hypo– –ite –ate hyper–

–ite –ate 60

In naming polyatomic compounds, the same rules are
applied: the cation is named first, followed by the anion.
Na2SO3
sodium sulfite
61
Nomenclature of Acids and Their Salts

● For binary acids, the prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic are
appended to the stem name of the element.
62

● Therefore, HCl (aq) is called hydrochloric acid while
HBr (aq) is called hydrobromic acid.
63

● Therefore, HCl (aq) is called hydrochloric acid while
HBr (aq) is called hydrobromic acid.
● The acid should have the label (aq) to indicate that it is
dissolved in water. Without that indication, the acid
should be named as a molecule.
64

For acids of oxoanions, naming involves replacing the
suffix -ite with -ous and replacing the suffix -ate with -ic.
HClO
hypochlorite ⟶ hypochlorous
acid
65

For acids of oxoanions, naming involves replacing the
suffix -ite with -ous and replacing the suffix -ate with -ic.
HClO4
perchlorate ⟶ perchloric
acid
66

For hydrogen-containing acidic salts, naming involves
either the addition of the word hydrogen after the cation
name or the addition of the prefix bi- to the anion name.
NaHCO
sodium hydrogen carbonate
3
sodium bicarbonate 67

If more than one type of hydrogen-containing salt is
possible for an element, then the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-,
and so on, are added to hydrogen.
NaH2PO4
sodium dihydrogen phosphate
68
Let’s Practice!
Name the ionic compound with the chemical formula

CaS.
69
Let’s Practice!

CaS.
CaS is named as calcium sulfide.
70
Try It!
Name the ionic compound with the

chemical formula Al2O3.
71
Let’s Practice!

Mn2O3.
72
Let’s Practice!

Mn2O3.
Mn2O3 is named as manganese (III) oxide.
73
Try It!

chemical formula PbCl4.
74
Let’s Practice!

(NH4)2SO3.
75
Let’s Practice!

(NH4)2SO3.
(NH4)2SO3 is named as ammonium sulfite.
76
Try It!

chemical formula Sb(H2PO4)5.
77
Check Your Understanding
Identify the terms described in each of the following

items.
1. It is the term used to refer to a compound comprised of

cations and anions.
2. It is the type of bond that holds ions together in a
crystal lattice.
3. It is the type of bond that holds ions together in a
crystal lattice.
78
Check Your Understanding
Complete the table below.
Chemical Formula Name

1. _______________________
cobaltic chloride
_
Mg(OH)2 2. ________________________
NH4NO3 3. ________________________
79
Let’s Sum It Up!
● Ionic compounds are compounds that are made

of cations and anions assembled together in a
crystal lattice. Ionic bonds hold the ions together
in an ionic compound. They are formed when one
or more electrons are transferred from the cation
to the anion.
80
Let’s Sum It Up!
● In writing the chemical formula of ionic

compounds, the net charge of the cation should
be equal to the net charge of the anion because
ionic compounds are neutral entities.
● The criss-cross method is one technique to easily
determine the chemical formula of an ionic
compound.
81
Let’s Sum It Up!
● Ionic compounds are named by writing down the

name of the cation first, followed by the name of
the anion.
● Some monatomic cations can have multiple
charge states. In naming these cations, either the
traditional system or the Stock system may be
used to distinguish the charge states from each
other.
82
Let’s Sum It Up!
● Oxoanions are polyatomic ions that contain a

nonmetal element and oxygen. These are named
by appending the appropriate prefixes and/or
suffixes to the element’s stem name.
● Acids are compounds that produce H+ ions when
dissolved in water. Some hydrogen-containing
salts are considered acidic.
83

Writing and Naming Ionic Compounds

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Writing and Naming Ionic Compounds

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Writing and Naming

Name compounds given their formula and

● Define ionic compounds.

● Describe ionic bond formation.

● Write the chemical formula of ionic compounds.

● Name ionic compounds.

Atoms vs. Ions

Atoms vs. Ions

Atoms vs. Ions

● The most important consideration in writing the

● When a cation and an anion combine, they must form

Group Charge Group Charge

The charge state for representative elements

Metal Charge States Metal Charge States

Formulas of Ionic Compounds with Monatomic Ions

● To write the chemical formula of binary compounds,

You can use the criss-cross method

To use this method, take the

Then, take the absolute value of the

Formulas of Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions

● For example, nitrate (NO3-) is a polyatomic anion.

When Ca2+ and NO3-

Formulas of Acids and Their Salts

Formulas of Acids and Their Salts

Formulas of Acids and Their Salts

Formulas of Acids and Their Salts

● The criss-cross method is still applicable.

Write the chemical formula for potassium sulfide.

Write the chemical formula for potassium sulfide.

The chemical formula of potassium sulfide is K2S.

Write the chemical formula for

Write the chemical formula for cobalt (III) fluoride.

Write the chemical formula for cobalt (III) fluoride.

The chemical formula of cobalt (III) fluoride is CoF3.

Write the chemical formula for

Write the chemical formula for chromium (III)

Write the chemical formula for chromium (III)

The chemical formula of chromium (III) nitrate is

Write the chemical formula for

Nomenclature of Common Cations

Nomenclature of Common Cations

Nomenclature of Common Cations

Nomenclature of Common Cations

Nomenclature of Common Cations

Nomenclature of Common Cations

Element Stem Name Charge Traditional Stock

chromium chrom- +2 chromous chromium (II)

+3 chromic chromium (III)

cobalt cobalt- +2 cobaltous cobalt (II)

+3 cobaltic cobalt (III)

copper cupr- +1 cuprous copper (I)

Element Stem Charge Traditional Stock

gold aur- +1 aurous gold (I)

+3 auric gold (III)

iron ferr- +2 ferrous iron (II)

+3 ferric iron (III)

Element Stem Charge Traditional Stock

mercury mercur- +1 mercurous mercury (I)

+2 mercuric mercury (II)

nickel nickel- +2 nickelous nickel (II)

+3 nickelic nickel (III)

Nomenclature of Common Anions