GOOD MORNING!

WELCOME TO OUR CLASS

IN
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

PRIMISELMA A. UY
SUBJECT TEACHER
CHECKING
OF ATTENDANCE
TUNOG

TUNOG
 REVIEW:
Directions:
Read aloud each statement, carefully and
comprehensively. Determine whether the statement is
correct or not. If the statement is correct, say YES with
feelings.
However, if the statement is incorrect say the
endearment you use to call your special someone.
 ARE YOU
READY?
 The term
biosphere is
used for the
zone of Earth,
where life
exists.
TRUE
 Hydrosphere is
the solid part of
the Earth that
consists the entire
planet from the
center of the core
to the outer crust
FALSE
 A planet's
hydrosphere
can be
liquid, vapor,
or ice.

TRUE
Atmosphere is the
gaseous layer
above the Earth’s
surface primarily
composed of
different gases
such as nitrogen
and oxygen.
TRUE
The geosphere 
is the part of the
planet composed
of rock and
minerals

TRUE
GOOD JOB!
Instructions: Presented are four pictures ,
your tasks is to guess what specific word fits
with the theme of the photos presented.
MINERALS
MINERALS
 OBJECTIVES
1. Define the term mineral
2. Classify common objects whether they
are minerals or not
3. Identify and match the different physical
properties of mineral to its description
4. Appreciate the importance of minerals
in our daily life
 What are minerals?
• Minerals are the building blocks of rocks
BUT WHAT MAKES A MINERAL...

A MINERAL?
ACTIVITY A :

I’M SO
LONELY!
COMPLETE ME MY LOVE.
 ACTIVITY A:

Directions:

Given the necessary

information, supply the missing
letters to arrive at a correct
answer.
 ARE YOU
READY?
 S__L__D
Minerals should have definite volume
and a rigid space.

SOLID
 I__ ORG_ N_C
 Minerals must be product of Earth’s Physical processes
 Was never alive

INORGANIC
 N__T__R_L_Y
occurring
Minerals must be a product of
Earth’s natural processes
meaning a mineral cannot be man- made,
manufactured, or created in a laboratory.

NATURALLY
OCCURRING
DEFINITE C_EM_C_L
COMPOSITION
 Minerals must be represented by a
chemical formula ( made of specific
elements)

DEFINITE CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION
 CR_ST_ L_INE
structure
Atoms of minerals are arranged in
orderly and repeating patterns

CRYSTALLINE
structure
GOOD JOB!
IT’S TIME TO
SUM IT
ALL!
UNDERSTOOD?
DO YOU HAVE QUESTIONS OR CLARIFICATIONS?
IF THERE’S NONE, THEN...

GOOD JOB!
ACTIVITY B: Is It A Mineral?

Instruction:
In your groups, decide which objects are
minerals and which are not.

 Justify classifications based on objects

characteristics ( 5 CRITERIA) that you
think will determine whether or not it’s a
mineral.
 5 CRITERIA
SOLID INORGANIC NATURALLY DEFINITE CRYSTALLINE
OCCURING CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
COMPOSITION
 ARE YOU
READY?
START
WORKING!
YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES TO COMPLETE THE
TASK.
5 criteria:
1.Solid
2.Inorganic
You can eat
I am
3.Naturally occurring
me.
4.Definite chemical
delicious
composition
5.Crystalline structure

I am dirty.

A pig!
I have 4
I am fat. legs.
5 criteria:
1.Solid
2.Inorganic
You can eat
I am
3.Naturally occurring
me.
4.Definite chemical
delicious
composition
5.Crystalline structure

I am dirty.

A pig!
I have 4
I am fat. legs.
5 criteria:
1.Solid
2.Inorganic
You can eat
I am
3.Naturally occurring
me.
4.Definite chemical
delicious
composition
5.Crystalline structure

I am dirty.

A pig!
I have 4
I am fat. legs.
5 criteria:
1.Solid
2.Inorganic
3.Naturally occurring
4.Definite chemical You can eat
I am
composition
me.
5.Crystalline structure
delicious

I am dirty.

A pig!
I have 4
I am fat. legs.
5 criteria:
1.Solid
2.Inorganic
3.Naturally occurring
4.Definite chemical You can eat
I am
composition
me.
5.Crystalline structure
delicious

I am dirty.

A pig!
I have 4
I am fat. legs.
5 criteria:
1.Solid
2.Inorganic
You can eat
I am
3.Naturally occurring
me.
4.Definite chemical
delicious
composition
5.Crystalline structure

I am dirty.

A pig!
I have 4
I am fat. legs.
5 criteria:
1.Solid
2.Inorganic
You can eat
I am
3.Naturally occurring
me.
4.Definite chemical
delicious
composition
5.Crystalline structure

I am dirty.

A pig!
I have 4
I am fat. legs.
5 criteria:
1.Solid
2.Inorganic
You can eat
I am
3.Naturally occurring
me.
4.Definite chemical
delicious
composition
5.Crystalline structure

I am dirty.

A pig!
I have 4
I am fat. legs.
GOOD JOB!
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
MINERALS
COLOR
 COLOR
 Used to identify minerals easily

 It is the result of the way minerals

absorbs light (certain wavelengths of
incident light are absorbed, and the
color we perceive is produced by the
remaining wavelengths that were not
absorbed)

 The least reliable means of identifying

minerals
COLOR
STREAK
STREAK
HARDNESS
 HARDNESS
 Measure of the mineral’s resistance to
scratching
 The harder the mineral, the greater is its
resistance to scratching
 To measure the relative hardness of
mineral the Mohs scale is used
( Friedrich Christian Mohs)
 Mohs scale of Mineral Hardness
1 being the softest & 10 being the hardest

Mohs Mineral Common objects

Relative
hardness
1 Talc powder
2 Gypsum fingernail
3 Calcite tooth
4 Flourite Iron nail
5 Apatite Window glass
6 Orthoclase feldspar Steel file
7 Quartz Porcelain
8 Topaz Hardened steel
9 Corundum Sapphire, ruby
10 Diamond none
CLEAVAGE & FRACTURE
-used to describe how mineral break into
pieces
-take place in weak parts of the structures
CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE
OR CRYSTAL LATTICE
• Tells how a mineral’s crystals are
arranged
• A hand lens is necessary tool in checking
for crystalline structures
TRANSPARENCY OR
DIAPHANEITY
TRANSPARENCY OR
DIAPHANEITY
 MAGNETISM
 indicates the ability of a mineral to
attract or repel other minerals
 TENACITY
 Level of resistance or reaction of
minerals to stress such as crushing,
bending, breaking or tearing

 It can tell if a mineral is brittle,

malleable, elastic
LUSTER
 LUSTER
 Refers to reaction of mineral to light
 It determines how brilliant or dull the mineral
is
 ODOR
 a distinct smell of a mineral that is
usually released from a chemical
reaction when subjected to water, heat,
air, or friction
ODOR
 SPECIFIC GRAVITY
 “relative density”

 is a measure of the density of a mineral

 it determines how heavy the mineral is by

its weight to water

 used especially when minerals have the

same size or the same color
 SPECIFIC GRAVITY
 ratio between the density of an object,
and a reference substance.

 Usually our reference substance is

water which always has a density of:
 1 gram per milliliter or 1gm/ml
 1 gram per cubic centimeter or 1gm/cm3
 1000 kilogram per (cubic meter) or 1000 kg / m3
• When we go out in the summer to enjoy the
pools and the rivers, we always have to make
sure that all of our equipment and safety
measures are working and in place.  For
young children who are still learning how to
swim, we make sure they have their floaters
on or we swim with them in a swim ring to
make sure they do not sink. Why is it that
swim rings both float?
• When we throw pennies in water
fountains to make a wish, will the
pennies sink to the bottom or will it float
to the water? Why?
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
 Example 1: Calculate the specific gravity of iron.
• The density of iron is 7850 kg/m3. The specific gravity of iron-
related to water is calculated as follows:
• RD =p substance
p reference
=7850kg/m3
1000kg/m3
=7.85
Hence, the specific gravity of iron is 7.85.

 Example 2: If the density of gold is 19300kg/m3, what is the

specific gravity of gold?
IT’S TIME TO
SUM IT
ALL!
UNDERSTOOD?
DO YOU HAVE QUESTIONS OR CLARIFICATIONS?
IF THERE’S NONE, THEN...

GOOD JOB!
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
OF MINERALS
 DANA SYSTEM
• American mineralogist James Dwight
Dana
• minerals are classified into eight main
mineral groups based on chemical
composition
• native elements, silicates, oxides,
sulfides, sulfates, halides, carbonates,
phosphates, and mineraloids
 1. Native Elements:
• Naturally pure; only one kind of element
is present
 carbon (C), sulfur (S) and copper (Cu)
 gold (Au), Silver (Ag), platinum (Pt)
 Uses: jewelries, coins, wires
 2. Silicates
 largest group of minerals and most abundant in the
Earth’s crust than the sum of all the mineral groups
 A metal bonds with the SiO4 complex ion acting as
a nonmetal
 made from the metals which combine with the
silicon(Si) and oxygen(O) atoms as the non metal
• with the addition of ions such as aluminum (Al),
magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and calcium(Ca)
• Uses: glass, ceramics
 3. Oxides
• A metal bonds directly with oxygen (O) as the
nonmetal
• extremely important as they form many of the
ores from which valuable metals can be
extracted.
 Uses: coloring agents, alkali batteries
 4. Sulfides

 A metal bonds directly with sulfur(S) as

the nonmetal
 heavy and brittle
 generally have metallic luster, high density
and low hardness
 Uses: fungicide
 5. Sulfates
 made up of compounds of sulfur(S)
combined with metals and oxygen.
 A metal bonds with the SO4 complex ion
acting as a nonmetal
 tend to be soft, and translucent
 Uses: Plaster
 6. Halide
 A metal bonds with a halogen Chorine
(Cl), Flourine (F), Bromine (Br) and
Iodine( I) as a nonmetal
 very soft and easily soluble in water e.g.
sodium chloride (table salt)
 Uses: rock salt, steel and aluminum
 7. Carbonate
 made up of carbon (C), oxygen(O) and a
metallic element.
• A metal bonds with the CO3complex ion
acting as a nonmetal
 commonly formed in marine settings, where
shells settle and accumulate on the sea floor,
and in the evaporitic settings
 Uses: carbon paper
 8. phosphate
 Contains minerals with phosphorus
 A metal bonds with the PO4 complex ion
acting as a nonmetal
 Important biological mineral found
found in teeth and bones of many
animals
 Uses: phosphate fertilizer
IT’S TIME TO
SUM IT
ALL!
UNDERSTOOD?
DO YOU HAVE QUESTIONS OR CLARIFICATIONS?
IF THERE’S NONE, THEN...

GOOD JOB!
ACTIVITY C:

WHO AM I?
NAME AND IDENTIFY ME!
Directions:

Identify what is being asked

in the following sentences.
 ARE YOU
READY?
 A

JOSEP JOHN
THOMSON
An English Physicist who
was awarded the 1935
Nobel prize in Physics for
his discovery of the
neutron in 1932

JAMES
CHADWICK
 What is the atomic
number of an element
whose number of proton
is 56

56
 In a neutral atom how
many electrons does
element Potassium have
it has 19 protons

19
 Na atom has an atomic
mass of 23 and atomic
number of 11. How many
neutrons does the element
has in its nucleus

12
What is the atomic mass of
Ag if it has 47 p+ and 61 n0
in its nucleus

108
GOOD JOB!
YOU’RE READY FOR THE NEXT ACTIVITY.
ACTIVITY B:

I’M SO
LONELY!
COMPLETE ME MY LOVE.
 ACTIVITY B:
Directions:
Look at the table of examples. Study how
you will get the number of protons, electrons,
and neutrons, given the atomic and mass
number of the element. Other items of the
activity may also require you to find the atomic
and mass number of the element, given the
number of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Transfer your work in a whole sheet of paper
START WORKING!
YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES TO COMPLETE THE TASK.
 GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. What are the subatomic particles of an
atom? Name their proponent and identify their
charge and location in the atom.
AMAZING!
YOU’RE REALLY EXPLORATIVE.
IT’S TIME TO
SUM IT
ALL!
An atom is the basic unit of an
element. The inside of the atom is
made up of subatomic particles,
namely: proton (p+), a positively-
charged particle and is located inside
the nucleus along with your
neutrons. It was discovered by Ernest
Rutherford.
The next subatomic particle is
neutron (n0). It has no charge at all.
Neutrons are found inside the
nucleus along with your protons.
This particle was discovered by
James Chadwick.
Another subatomic particle is
electron (e-). It has a negative
charge. Electrons are found outside
the nucleus for they are seen in the
energy level or shells of your atom.
It was discovered by J.J. Thomson.
The central part of your atom is the
nucleus. It is where protons and
neutrons are found. Energy level or
shell is where electrons are found.
The energy levels or shells always
surround the nucleus.
The atomic number is always the
same as the number of protons and
electrons. To get the atomic mass of
your element, you just have to get the
sum of your neutrons with either
atomic number, number of protons or
electrons.
For you to be able to get the number
of neutrons, you just simply subtract
either the atomic number, number of
electrons, or number of protons from
the mass number.
 ASSESSMENT
Kindly prepare one (1) whole sheet of
paper. Write your answer in
your paper.
 I. FILL IN THE TABLE
Subatomic Charge Symbol Location in Proponent
Particle the atom

1.
2.
3.
II. Draw and label the parts of
an atom
• Name the 3 fundamental particles of an
atom, indicate their charges and
location on the atom)
III. Questions:
a. What will you do in order to get the
number neutrons if the only available
data is the number of protons and the
mass number of your element?
Questions:
b. How about if….the only given data,
is your atomic number and the
number of neutrons, how will you get
the atomic mass of your element?
 APPLICATION:
Directions:
Group 1 & 3 will answer Activity 1
(Complete the Table) while Group 2 will
answer Activity 2 (Make Me a Table) using the
provided atomic number and mass number.
 COMPLETE THE TABLE
Atomic Atomic
Element Symbol # of n0 # of e- # of p+
Number Mass

F 10 9

K 19 20

Iron 26 56

Pb 125 82

Sodium 11
24
 COMPLETE THE TABLE
Atomic Atomic
Element Symbol # of n0 # of e- # of p+
Number Mass

Cu 29
35
Boron 5
6
Mg 12 12

Calcium 40 20

C 12 6
THANK YOU
FOR LEARNING SCIENCE WITH ME

PRIMISELMA A. UY
SUBJECT TEACHER
 PERFORMANCE TASKS
Create Your Own Element
Directions: Create your own element
using the following information:
Name: This can be ANYTHING you would
like it to be (your name, pet name, favorite
sport, movie, song, etc.)
Symbol: This can be the first two letters of
your name or not, you choose!
 Example:

27

Hu
Harris Uy
Answer the following questions:
1. Why did you choose this name as your element?
Explain
2. What is the atomic number of your element? Why did
you choose this to represent
•Synthesis of New
Elements