Planning of Lifting Operations

Bill Uren
Training Manager
 Welcome to Training Facility

YOUR SAFETY & HEALTH

FIRE P.P.E.

WORKSHOP

REFRESHMENTS

SMOKING
Planning of Lifting Operations

Aim

To provide information and instruction sufficient to identify the nature and level
of risks and stages associated with planning of lifting operations.

Objective

By the end of the course participants should develop a better understanding

of the necessity for proper planning and be more effective in the process of
lifting operations planning
Why Do We Need To Plan Lifting Operations?
Legislation

Health And Safety At Work etc Act 1974 as amended 1987 (HASAWA)

Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (P.U.W.E.R.)

Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (L.O.L.E.R.)

Legislation

1 Mile
The Law Requires ( L.O.L.E.R.)
Regulation 8; “Organisation of Lifting Operations”

1) Every Employer shall ensure that every lifting operation involving lifting
equipment is: -

a. Properly Planned by a “Competent Person”

b. Appropriately Supervised; and

c. Carried out in a Safe Manner

Any Other Reasons Why We Should Plan Lifting
Operations?
Remember This?

P.P.P.P.P.

Proper
Planning
Prevents
Poor
Performance
Lifting Operations may not be hi-tech or glamorous;

But can be:

What Do We Need to Know

a. The load to be lifted

b. Existing location and proposed landing location

c. The equipment available to perform the operation.

d. The hazards we may encounter.
e. Who will be involved in the operation
f. Our own limitations
g. Where and how to get assistance when it is needed.
h. The process of making and keeping a lifting plan and risk
assessment.
Common Sense

• Avoid over complicating!

• Identify what needs to be done and by whom!

• Ensure everyone involved understands!

• Ensure that the plan makes sense!

• Keep it as simple as you can

So Two Good Reasons:-

1. Comply with the Law.

2. It makes sense.
So

We should therefore try to develop our planning process by adopting a

“Common Sense” approach to implement the requirements of the Law
‘Competent Person’

The ‘competent person’ should have the necessary training, background and
experience to be recognised as being competent in the particular field in which
they specialise.

MHSWR
L.O.L.E.R. A.C.O.P.

Section 21D of the Approved Code Of Practice and guidance states:-

“The person planning the operation should have adequate practical and
theoretical knowledge and experience of planning lifting operations”
Proper Planning

• Not just a question of completing a statutory record, or ticking a

checklist.

• It really is a question of preventing accidents and incidents.

Task 1

Relocate motor cover from its present position to the indicated landing area.

a. Identify the hazards

b. Develop a lifting plan

Select the equipment required from the charts provided

Bolt on cover c/w
4 x tapped holes
( M16) on top. 2.5m

1.25 m
Tare
Weight
500 kg

2.5 m
150mm x 250mm H Beams SWL
3 tonnes

3 tonne SWL Pad Eyes

Note:
The runway beam is in-line
With the tank, but out of
line with the cover

3m

Bolt on cover c/w

4 x tapped holes Electrics
( M16) on top. 12 m Tare
Weight 9.5 m
500 kg 2.5
m
2.5 Landing Area
m
1.5m 1m

Very Hot conditions Very Noisy

 2 3 4
5 6

9b
7 9a

8
10

13
12
14
15

11
P.U.W.E.R
Selection and Suitability

Correct selection of suitable equipment can reduce or eliminate risks to health

by considering:

• Its initial integrity.

• Where it will be used.

• How it will be used.

• The nature and characteristics of the load.

• Any limitations on use specified by the manufacturer or supplier.

P.U.W.E.R
Strength and Stability
Consider:
• Adequate strength.
• Mounting or fixing points.
• The weight of any associated accessories.
• Any other factors such as wind loading etc.

Ensure:

• Adequate stability for its proposed use.

• Take effective measures to prevent overturning.
• That any stabilising equipment / measures operate effectively.
• The landing area is suitable.
P.U.W.E.R
Strength and Stability
Risk Assessment

“A risk assessment is nothing more than a careful examination, of

what, in your work, could cause harm to people, so that you can
weigh up whether you have taken enough precautions or should
do more to prevent them. The aim is to ensure that no one gets
hurt or becomes ill”.
Quote from HSE’s five steps to risk assessment.
Hazard

A physical situation with the potential to cause adverse consequences:

• Human injury

• Damage to property

• Damage to the environment, or

• Some combination of these

Consequence:
• The result of a hazardous event occurring
Risk

The likelihood of an undesired event occurring within a specified period or in

specific circumstances

The size of the risk involves both:

• The likelihood that harm will happen

• Its severity or consequences

Hazards

1. Possible Live Electricity;

Q What is its function?
Q What will happen if the load falls or comes in contact with it?
2. Noise Level:
May hinder communication with other people involved In
operation.
3. Doors and access/exits represent possible hazard with people
movement.

4. Presence of sensitive equipment such as the motors should be

considered
5. Misuse of equipment

6. Employing an unsafe method

Poor Planning

Some examples of lifting operations incidents that could have been avoided by
proper planning.
Crane driver told
it was 9 tonne
 What do I do now???

Actually it
was 14 tonne
Oh *!!*t!
Help
How Could This Incident Have Been Avoided?

A. Risk assessment should have considered the following:

• A higher capacity crane reducing the risk should have been considered.

• A load indicator should have alerted the crane operative that this load
was excessive.

• A trial lift should have been conducted.

Lifting Video
Human Error

Approximately 85% of all incidents and accidents involving lifting

equipment are attributable to Human error.

Contributing factors:
1. Lack of supervision

2. Lack of Training

3. Lack of Proper Planning

Guess What is Going to Happen Here?
Unloading from the Bucket ?
Nope!!
You’re Kidding ?!!
Hope he’s wearing his seat-belt?
I suspect the manufacturer didn’t have this in mind
when designing the Back-hoe
“Where There’s a Will, There’s a Way”!
Here is the question:
• Is he someone you would employ to be on your site team?

• Is he the answer to your prayers (Mr. Action Man), or

• Is he your worst nightmare (Mr. Excessive Risk Taker)

Its been said many times….

“There is a fine line between ingenuity and

Stop
Why are they being pulled over?

Sometimes things are not so obvious are they.

Lift Planning Process
Identify the Need to Conduct
A Lifting Operation

• Responsible Person Identifies the need for a lifting operation

 Is There an Existing Plan?

Q How do you find out?

A You require to find out where the plans are kept

There needs to be a system in place that identifies the location and status
of all existing lifting plans
Q How would you know that it applies to this task?
A Review the plan and check that it is applicable

Q If there are differences to the existing plan what can we do?

A We need to ask “Can it be amended to accommodate the differences,
or do we need to keep the original plan because this operation will
occur again, or do we need to write a new plan to accommodate the
changes?”
 Is There an Existing Plan?

Q Am I competent and authorised to change the plan or develop a new

one for this operation?

A You cannot afford to have any doubts as to your expected role in the
development of lifting plans.

If in doubt seek guidance from:

a. The planning procedures and guidance document

b. Your Shift Supervisor/Manager

 Is the Lifting Operation Considered To Be Routine?

• When you review the validity of the plan, and are determining whether
anything has changed. If there is a change, ask yourself and others at
the Toolbox Talk;

• Will this change mean that the operation category has changed from
Routine to Non-Routine or Complex?

• Refer to the category guidance

 Routine Lift Criteria

To be considered routine, the following criteria must be met

• The operation needs to be repetitive in nature, conducted at least once

every 4 week period.

• The users of the equipment need to have been specifically trained in its
use and familiar with its limitations.

• The operation needs to be such that the significant elements involved

are assessed as unlikely to be subject to change, in the opinion of the
competent person.

• The operation needs to be such that the identified competent

personnel can execute it in its entirety.
 Routine Lift Criteria

To be considered routine, the following criteria must be met

• The personnel involved must have performed their identified role

previously.

• The involved personnel must be familiar with both the written risk
assessment and the written lifting plan for the operation being
conducted.

• The written plan must be verified as the current issue (all routine lifting
operations will be reviewed prior to the commencement of the
operation).
Routine
 Non Routine Lifts
Are those lifts, which do not meet all the criteria for
Routine Lifts

There are two types:-

Engineered:
• Engineered Non-Routine lifts are those which are project specific and
the equipment has been specifically designed for the operation.
General:
• General Non-Routine lifts are those , which do not meet the criteria
attached to Routine Lifts and are not considered Engineered lifts.
• Will be treated in such a way as to ensure the level of planning,
resources and the personnel required are all fully evaluated prior to
commencement of the operation.
• There may be a need for the lift plan to be reviewed by a suitable
technical authority onshore prior to implementation.
Roles & Responsibilities

Responsible Person
• Vessel Master, Offshore Manager, Shift Supervisor, Base
Manager or Project Engineer

Competent Person
• The Competent Person is someone who has the necessary
competency to plan a lift as well as the necessary technical expertise
relevant to lifting operations and the supervisory skills and experience
required to organise the lifting operation. The Competent Person may or
may not supervise the lifting operation but is the focal point of authority for
the technical aspects of the lift.
Roles & Responsibilities

Technical Authority Review

• A Technical Authority Review is undertaken by someone who has the

necessary competencies to make an informed and impartial judgement
on the lifting operations plan or installation procedure.

e.g. A Structural Engineer may be consulted to determine the loading of

beams or deck lay down areas of those identified within the lift plan.
Roles & Responsibilities

Lift Supervisor

Is a role that is performed by someone who supervises the lift.

• Every lift must be adequately supervised.

• The Lift Supervisor must be clearly identifiable, must have a clear view
of the lift and must ensure that lifting activities follow the agreed plan.

• In the case where the load is not always visible to the Crane or Forklift
Operator, the Lift Supervisor must ensure that clear communication
systems are in place to ensure sufficient co-ordination between pick up
and lay down areas.
Roles & Responsibilities

Competent Personnel involved in a lift

• The Subsea 7 Competence Assessment Process PM- GL-COM-001 describes

how offshore personnel will be assessed as competent.

• Subsea 7 has competency standards for offshore marine personnel which are
aligned to the IMCA (International Marine Contractor’s Association)
competency assurance and assessment guidance.
Roles & Responsibilities

Competent Personnel involved in a lift

The following standards identify the minimum competency criteria for deck
crew and Forklift Operators:

• Rigging Supervisor: ST-GL-PD-305

• Lead Rigger/Rigger: ST-GL-PD-204

• Rigging Trainee: ST-GL-PD-103

• Crane Operator: ST-GL-PD-209

• Forklift Operator: ST-GL-PD-214

Review and Toolbox Talk
To include everyone involved in the lifting operation

Part I – Planning the Lift

(lift co-ordinator)

•Has the lifting operation been risk assessed by a competent person?

•Has the equipment been selected, is it fit for purpose?

•Is there an existing and adequate lift plan for the lifting operation?

•Do the personnel selected to undertake this lifting operation have the
correct level of experience and knowledge ( both theoretical and practical)?

•Has the lifting procedure been communicated and understood by all involved

•What could go wrong?

Review and Toolbox Talk
To include everyone involved in the lifting operation

Part II – job site review

(everyone involved in the lift)

•Has a risk assessment for the work been carried out?

•Is there an adequate lift plan available for review?

•Have you the authority/PTW required to proceed with the lift?

•Do you know the weight?

•Have you considered other factors e.g. wind, lighting, centre of gravity?
•Have you assessed the path the load will take?

•Have you prepared the load set down area?

Review and Toolbox Talk
To include everyone involved in the lifting operation

Part II – job site review

(everyone involved in the lift)

•Have you assessed tag line/hold back requirements?

•Have all sea fastenings/hold downs been released?

•Have you inspected the lifting equipment? Is it fit/appropriate for use?

•Is adequate supervision present?

•Have all personnel involved been fully briefed?

•Are communications adequate?

•Has the lift been checked for loose items?

Support Structure for Competent Person

Management Team
UK

Site/Project ICP
Responsible Person

Vessel Master Chief Engineer Offshore Manager

Onshore
Support
Maintenance Base Manager Contractors
Supervisor(s) Engineering Focal Compliance Lead
& Sub-Contractors
Point HSE & Q

3rd Party Competency

Maintenance Focal Point
Provider
Lift Co-ordinator Rigging Supervisor Contractors
Site/Project Equipment Focal
& Sub-Contractors
HSE Advisor Point

Forklift Operators Lead Rigger Rigging Trainee

(under supervision)

Crane
Site Lifting Rigger
Operators
Equipment Engineer
Fixed/Mobile/Overhead

Competent Person
Onshore Lifting Support –
to be displayed at each worksite

Sandy Gowing
(I.C.P.)
227905
Dave Dobeson
(Engineering) (Compliance)
795738

Cosalt Ltd.
(Competence)
826662
344521

Laurence Hosie
Site/Project HSE Advisor
(Equipment)
Varies by Site/project 
292290

 Site to update change when appropriate

Planning the Procedure
The following nine points should be taken into account when setting the
procedure :

1. Cooperation and communication with others.

2. Selection and if necessary, installation of the lifting equipment.

3. Selection of the lifting gear and accessories.
4. Checking the lifting equipment is safe to use.
5. Assembly of the slinging arrangement.
6. Making a trial lift.
7. Lifting and if necessary, travelling the load.
8. Making a trial landing.
9. Clearing up.
 Planning Task 2

Turn Tank from

Horizontal to Vertical
Plan No – Yard – 02D Crane 2 Boom
Turning Tank Position 1
From Vertical to
Crane 2 Boom
Horizontal
Position 3

Stage 3 Horizontal
Position
Crane 2 Boom
Position 2

Fixed Rotation
Point Crane 1
Sling Attachment Sling Attachment
Points C & D Points A & B Crane 2
Hoist & Boom
Movements

Stage 1 Vertical
1 metre
Ground Level
Plan No – Yard – 02D
Turning Tank
From Horizontal to Crane 2 Boom
Vertical Position Position 3

Stage 2 45° Stage 3 Vertical

Crane 2 Boom
Position 2

Crane 2 Boom
Position 1

Fixed Rotation Sling Attachment

Point Crane 1 Points A & B
Sling Attachment
Points C & D

Stage 1 Vertical
1 metre
Ground Level
 Tank Sitting Horizontally

D Frame B

Top
Crane 1 Crane 2
View
A
C

Side
View
 Tank Sitting Vertically
Frame

Crane 1 Crane 2
Top View

Side
View
 Equipment List
Lifting Plan No Yard –02 - D

A. 2 x 90 tonne capacity mobile cranes ( see crane approval list).

B. 2 x signs (crane 1) and ( crane 2), suitable for display on each crane
window (printed both sides).

C. 1 x two way radio communication set, capable of communications with

both crane drivers and the banksman.
 Equipment List
Lifting Plan No Yard –02 - D

D. 4 x 20 tonne SWL webbing slings with soft eyes each end; 2

x _____long, 2 x _____long,
both _____wide.

E. 2 x 25 tonne SWL alloy bow safety pin shackles c/w split cotter pins.

F. 2 x wooden sleepers sufficient to allow insertion /detachment of web

slings around the box section They must be suitable for allowing one
end of the tank frame to rest on them.
Organising of Lifting Operations

Every employer shall ensure that every lifting operation involving lifting
equipment is:

a. Properly planned by a competent person;

b. Appropriately supervised; and

c. Carried out in a safe manner.

 CP 3010: 1972

SWL The safe working load of a crane is calculated on the assumption that
the load will be raised and lowered in a vertical plane.

The crane structure will have been designed to withstand any lateral loads
imposed by accelerations in the crane motions, but it is unsafe to rely on this
lateral strength to withstand horizontal components of out-of- plumb lifts.

It is recommended that the safe working load of each crane for the required jib
length and operating radius should be at least 25% in excess of the calculated
share of the load to be handled by each crane during the tandem lift.
 BS 7121: Part 1: 1989

Safe working loads apply only to freely suspended loads.

The hoisting slewing, traversing, luffing or travelling motions of a crane should not be
used to drag any load along the ground with the hoist rope out of the vertical position.
 Tandem Lifting CP 3010: 1972

Tandem lifting requires extremely careful planning and an accurate assessment

of the share of the load, which is to be carried by each crane. There should be
a full appreciation of how and to what extent this can vary should the load
come out of level or should one or both cranes have to derrick, travel or slew,
resulting in the hoist ropes coming out of plumb.

If any of these circumstances occur an additional load can be thrown on either

or both cranes which may affect crane stability or cause a structural collapse.
11/06/01 Update: In reference to the photos of the M4100 and M4600 cranes, lifting the section in Queensland, 1993.

The cranes are owned by Lampson, however, Lampson personnel had no involvement in the lift.

What made the M4100WS2 tip? The M4600WS5 and M4100 lifted the load, no problem. They then tracked sideways. During the
tracking, the site personnel noticed the M4600's counterweight was going to hit a steel bollard (post concreted into the ground).
They kept tracking! Then they slewed the M4600 to the operator's right, in effect pulling the load away from the M4100. They kept
this going, thinking that they were almost there.

From reports, they then decided it was not going to make it and slewed the M4600 back (whoops), in doing so, it allowed the load to
swing into the M4100's boom as its tracks sat back down.

In any case, good planning would have identified the bollard before any crane work began. PREVENTABLE right?

Bottom line: Poor preplanning