o n

nti ati
ffere
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 Introduction
• Up to this point you have seen how to differentiate expressions

• You have also seen that differentiating gives the gradient

function

• You have seen that differentiating again indicates whether

turning points are maxima or minima

• In this Chapter you will learn how to differentiate much more

complicated expressions

• These will include functions of functions, exponentials (e),

logarithms and trigonometric graphs
 Differentiation
You need to be able to differentiate a Differentiate: 𝑦 =¿
function of a function, using the Chain Rule

𝑑𝑦
𝑦 =¿
The whole function
=𝑛 ¿
is raised to a power
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 Multiply by the
=𝑛 ¿
𝑑𝑥 power and reduce it
by 1 ‘as usual’
𝑓 (𝑥)=3 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 Differentiate f(x)
to get f’(x)
Also multiply by f’(x)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥)=12 𝑥 3 +1 n is just the power
on the bracket
𝑛=5

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
=5 ¿ (12 𝑥 3 +1)

8A
 Differentiation
𝑦 =√ 5 𝑥 +1
2
You need to be able to Rewrite in a

𝑦 =¿
differentiate a function of a ‘differentiatable’ form
function, using the Chain Rule

𝑑𝑦
𝑦 =¿
The whole function
=𝑛 ¿
is raised to a power
𝑑𝑥
Multiply by the
𝑑𝑦 𝑓 (𝑥)=5 𝑥 2+1
=𝑛 ¿ power and reduce it
𝑑𝑥 by 1 ‘as usual’ Differentiate f(x)

Also multiply by f’(x) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)=10𝑥

n is just the power
1
𝑛=
2
Given that: 𝑦 =√ 5 𝑥2 +1
Find the value of f’(x) at (4,9)
𝑑𝑦 1
=¿
𝑑𝑥 2 ¿ (10 𝑥 ) The ½ and
10x can be

𝑑𝑥 5 𝑥 ¿
𝑑𝑦 combined
=¿
Sub in 4 from
2 the coordinate
¿2 (calculator ok!)
9 8A
 Differentiation
You need to be able to 𝑦 =¿
differentiate a function of a
function, using the Chain Rule
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ×
This is another form 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 of the Chain Rule
= ×
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 y is a function of u,
𝑢=𝑥 2 −7 𝑥 Let u be the 𝑦 =𝑢4 Differentiate
and u is a function of part in
x y in terms of
𝑑𝑢 brackets, and 𝑑𝑦 3 u
=2 𝑥 − 7 differentiate =4 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢
Given that: 𝑦 =¿
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 =¿4 𝑢3(2 𝑥 −7)
Calculate using the chain rule 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 Sub in u = x2 – 7x
𝑑𝑦
=¿4 (𝑥 2 −7 𝑥 )(2
3
𝑥 −7)
𝑑𝑥

8A
 Differentiation
1
You need to be able to 𝑦=
differentiate a function of a √ 6 𝑥 −3
function, using the Chain Rule
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
This is another form = ×
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 of the Chain Rule
= × −
1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 y is a function of u,
𝑢=6 𝑥 −3 Let u be the
𝑦 =𝑢 2
and u is a function of part under Differentiate
x the square
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦 1 −
3 in terms of u
=6 root, and
=− 𝑢 2
𝑑𝑥 differentiate 𝑑𝑢 2
1
Given that: 𝑦 =
√ 6 𝑥 −3 𝑑𝑦 3
1 −
=¿− 𝑢 2(6)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2
Calculate using the chain rule
𝑑𝑥 Combine the 6
𝑑𝑦 3 and -1/2
=¿−3 𝑢 2
−
𝑑𝑥
Substitute in u
𝑑𝑦 3
=¿−3 (6 𝑥 −3) 2
−

𝑑𝑥
8A
 Differentiation
You need to be able to 𝑥=𝑦 3 + 𝑦 Differentiate, only ‘the
differentiate a function of a other way round’
2
function, using the Chain Rule 𝑑𝑥 (no real difference…)
=3 𝑦 +1
𝑑𝑦 Invert the answer to get
𝑑𝑦 1 This is a particular case 𝑑𝑦 1
dy
/dx
= =¿ 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 of differentiating…
𝑑𝑥 3 𝑦 +1 Sub in the y-coordinate since
𝑑𝑦 the equation is in terms of y
(you’re used to only using x!)
1
𝑑𝑦 ¿ 3(1)2+1
Calculate for the following equation, And work it out!
𝑑𝑥 1
and find the gradient at the point (2,1), ¿
4
𝑦 3 + 𝑦=𝑥

8A
Task
Solutions
 Differentiation
You need to be able to differentiate Let y = uv, where u and v are both functions of x
functions that are multiplied together,
using the product rule 𝑦 =𝑢𝑣 A small change in x, would
cause a small change in u and
v, and consequently also in y
If: 𝑦 +δ 𝑦 =(𝑢+δ 𝑢)(𝑣 +δ 𝑣 ) δ = small change
y = uv
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
=𝑢 +𝑣 𝑢𝑣+δ 𝑦=(𝑢+δ 𝑢)(𝑣 +δ 𝑣)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 Subtract uv

The Product Rule δ 𝑦= ( 𝑢+δ 𝑢 ) ( 𝑣 +δ 𝑣 ) −𝑢𝑣 Multiply out

the brackets
You do not need to learn δ 𝑦=𝑢𝑣+𝑢 δ 𝑣+𝑣 δ 𝑢+δ 𝑢δ 𝑣 −𝑢𝑣
the proof, but you do need Cancel uv and -uv
to be able to use this
result!
δ 𝑦=𝑢 δ 𝑣+𝑣 δ 𝑢+δ 𝑢δ 𝑣
Divide all by δx
δ𝑦 δ𝑣 δ𝑢 δ𝑢
=𝑢 +𝑣 +δ 𝑣
δ𝑥 δ𝑥 δ𝑥 δ𝑥 As δx  0, δy/δx = dy/dx and
so on….
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
=𝑢 +𝑣 +δ 𝑣
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
As δx  0, δy, δu and δv
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢 also  0
=𝑢 +𝑣 8B
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 If:

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥
=𝑢
𝑑𝑥
+𝑣
𝑑𝑥 Differentiation
Given that: , find f’(x)

𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 𝑥 ¿ 𝑢=𝑥 𝑣= ¿
Simple Use the chain
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 rule from 8A
=1 =3 ¿
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 Simplify if
=𝑢 +𝑣
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣 possible
=6 ¿
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
=¿
𝑑𝑥 ( 𝑥 ) ¿ +¿ ( 1 ) Try to rewrite
some parts or
group terms
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 6
=¿ 𝑥¿ +¿ (2x + 1)2 is a common
factor to both terms, so
𝑑𝑦
¿ (6 𝑥+( 2 𝑥+1 ) )
factorise
=¿
𝑑𝑥
You can also now simplify
𝑑𝑦
¿ (8 𝑥+1)
the part in brackets
=¿
𝑑𝑥

8B
 If:

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥
=𝑢
𝑑𝑥
+𝑣
𝑑𝑥 Differentiation
Given that: , find f’(x)

𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=𝑥 2 √ 3 𝑥 − 1 𝑢=𝑥 2 𝑣= ¿ Use the chain

Simple 𝑑𝑣 1
𝑑𝑢 = ¿ rule from 8A
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢 =2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
=𝑢 +𝑣 𝑑𝑥 Simplify if
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣 3 possible
= ¿

¿
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
=¿( 𝑥2 ) +¿ ( 2 𝑥 ) Try to rewrite
some parts or
group terms
𝑑𝑦 3 𝑥2
=¿ ¿ +2 𝑥 ¿
𝑑𝑥 2 A Power ½ = √x
A Negative Power = 1/x
𝑑𝑦 3 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥 2 √ 3 𝑥 − 1+2 𝑥 √ 3 𝑥 −1
=¿
Multiply the right by 2√(3x-1) (Top
and ‘Bottom’) so the denominators
𝑑𝑦 3 𝑥2 +4 𝑥 √ 3 𝑥 − 1 √ 3 𝑥 − 1 are the same
=¿
𝑑𝑥 2 √ 3 𝑥 − 1 2 √ 3 𝑥 −1 You have a
‘square root
𝑑𝑦 3 𝑥2 + 4 𝑥 (3 𝑥 −1) squared’ on the 𝑑 𝑦 15 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 Group up like
=¿ =¿
𝑑𝑥 2 √ 3 𝑥 − 1 2 √ 3 𝑥 − 1 right
𝑑𝑥 2 √3 𝑥 − 1 terms 8B
Task
Solutions
 Differentiation
You need to be able to
differentiate functions using the
quotient rule

If: where u and v are functions of x…

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑣 −𝑢
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 2

The Quotient Rule

8C
 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑣 −𝑢
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥
Differentiation
2
𝑣

Given that: 𝑦 =
𝑥 𝑢=𝑥 𝑣=2 𝑥+5
2 𝑥+ 5 Differentiate Differentiate
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
Calculate =1 =2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑦=
2 𝑥+ 5
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑣 −𝑢
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑣
2
Substitute in
each component
𝑑𝑦 (2 𝑥 +5)(1)−(𝑥 )(2)
=¿
𝑑𝑥
¿ Simplify/work out
parts of the
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑥 +5−2 𝑥 numerator
=¿
𝑑𝑥
¿ Group together like
terms
𝑑𝑦
=¿ 5
𝑑𝑥
¿
8C
 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑣 −𝑢
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥
Differentiation
2
𝑣

Given that: 3𝑥 𝑢=3 𝑥 𝑣= ¿ Differentiate

𝑦= using the
Calculate
¿¿ 𝑑𝑢
=3
Differentiate
𝑑𝑣
=3 ¿ chain rule
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 Simplify if
3𝑥 𝑑𝑣
=3 ¿
possible
𝑦= 𝑑𝑥
¿¿
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑣 −𝑢
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑣
2
Substitute in

¿
each component
𝑑𝑦 − (3 𝑥 )¿
=¿
𝑑𝑥
1
¿ Simplify/work out
parts of the
𝑑𝑦
=¿ 3 ¿ −9 𝑥 ¿ numerator
𝑑𝑥
¿ 4

Cancel out (x + 4)2

𝑑𝑦
=¿ ) −9 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
¿ Multiply out and re-
factorise the
𝑑𝑦
=¿ 6 (2− 𝑥 ) numerator
𝑑𝑥
¿ 8C
Task
Solutions
 Differentiation
Differentiate the following:
You need to be able to
differentiate the exponential
function a) 𝑦 =5 𝑒 𝑥
Having a number in front does
If: 𝑦 =𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 not affect dy/dx
=¿ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 5 𝑒
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
Then: =𝑒
𝑑𝑥

𝑓 (𝑥)
b) 𝑦 =𝑒 2 𝑥+3
If: 𝑦 =𝑒 Differentiate the power and put
𝑑𝑦 it in front
𝑑𝑦 =¿2 𝑒 2 𝑥+3
= 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑒
𝑓 (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
Then:
𝑑𝑥

Differentiate the power,

and put it in front of e f(x)

8D
 𝑓 (𝑥)
If: 𝑦 =𝑒

Then:
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑒
𝑓 (𝑥)
Differentiation
𝑢=𝑥
2
𝑥
Differentiate the following: 𝑣=𝑒 Differentiate
Differentiate the power and
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
2
𝑥
𝑦 =𝑥 𝑒 Use the product 2
𝑥 put it in front
rule as we have =1 =2 𝑥𝑒
2 functions 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢 multiplied
=𝑢 +𝑣
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Substitute the
values in
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
2
𝑥
2

=¿(𝑥)
(2 𝑥 𝑒 )
+ (𝑒 )( 1)
𝑑𝑥
Simplify some
parts if possible
𝑑𝑦 2 2
=¿2 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
Factorise with as the
common factor
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
2
=¿𝑒 (2 𝑥 2 +1)
𝑑𝑥

8D
 𝑓 (𝑥)
If: 𝑦 =𝑒

Then:
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑒
𝑓 (𝑥)
Differentiation
Differentiate the following: 𝑢=𝑒 3 𝑥 −1 Differentiate 𝑣=𝑥
the power and Differentiate
𝑒3 𝑥 −1 𝑑𝑢 3 𝑥 −1 put it in front 𝑑𝑣
𝑦= Use the =3 𝑒 =1
𝑥 quotient as we 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
have 2 functions
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 in a division
𝑣 −𝑢
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑣
2
Substitute the
values in
𝑑 𝑦 (𝑥)(3 𝑒 3 𝑥 −1 )− (𝑒3 𝑥 −1)( 1)
=¿
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
Simplify some
parts if possible
𝑑 𝑦 3 𝑥 𝑒 3 𝑥 −1−𝑒 3 𝑥 −1
=¿
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 Factorise with as the
common factor
𝑑 𝑦 𝑒 3 𝑥 −1 (3 𝑥 −1)
=¿
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2

8D
Task
Solutions
 Differentiation
You need to be able to
differentiate the logarithmic If: 𝑦 =𝑙𝑛𝑥
function

Then:
𝑑𝑦 1
=
Let: 𝑦 =𝑙𝑛𝑥 Inverse 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
Logarithm
𝑥=𝑒 𝑦
Differentiate
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 If: 𝑦 =ln ⁡[ 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) ]
=𝑒
𝑑𝑦
Reverse
Differentiation Then: 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 )
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥)
= 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑒
Earlier we said
𝑑𝑦 1 x = ey
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

8E
 Differentiation
You need to be able to Differentiate:
differentiate the logarithmic
function
a) 𝑦 =5 𝑙𝑛𝑥
Differentiate
𝑑𝑦 5
If: 𝑦 =𝑙𝑛𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
Then: =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
b) 𝑦 =ln ⁡(6 𝑥 −1) Differentiating
ln of a function
If: 𝑦 =ln ⁡[ 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) ] 𝑑𝑦 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 )
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥) You can probably do
Then: 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑦 6 this in your head!
𝑑𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥) =
𝑑𝑥 6 𝑥 − 1

8E
 If: 𝑦 =𝑙𝑛𝑥 If: 𝑦 =ln ⁡[ 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) ]

Then:
𝑑𝑦 1
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 Differentiation Then: 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥)

Differentiate the following:

3 𝑢=𝑥 3 𝑣=𝑙𝑛𝑥
c) 𝑦 =𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 Differentiate Differentiate
Use the
𝑑𝑢 2 𝑑𝑣 1
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢 product rule =3 𝑥 =
=𝑢 +𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Sub in
values

( )
𝑑𝑦
=¿(𝑥¿¿3)¿ 1 +(𝑙𝑛𝑥 ()3 𝑥2 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
Simplify
terms
𝑑𝑦
=¿ 2 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 +3 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥
Factorise
(non-
𝑑𝑦 essential)
=¿𝑥2 (1+3 𝑙𝑛𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

8E
 If: 𝑦 =𝑙𝑛𝑥 If: 𝑦 =ln ⁡[ 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) ]

Then:
𝑑𝑦 1
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 Differentiation Then: 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥)

Differentiate the following:

𝑙𝑛5 𝑥 𝑢=𝑙𝑛5 𝑥 𝑣=𝑥
d) 𝑦 = 𝑥 Differentiate Differentiate
Use the 𝑑𝑢 5 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = =1
𝑣 −𝑢 quotient rule 𝑑𝑥 5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 2

Sub in

( )5
𝑑𝑦 (𝑥) 5 𝑥 − ( 𝑙𝑛5 𝑥(1)
=¿
)
values

𝑑𝑥 ( 𝑥2 )
Simplify
terms
𝑑𝑦
=¿ 1−𝑙𝑛5 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2

8E
 Task

Solutions
 Differentiation
You need to be able to differentiate
Trigonometric Functions
Gradient = -1
y = Cosθ
If: 𝑦=𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1

𝑑𝑦 y = Sinθ
Then: =𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥 0
π
/2 π /2
3π
2π

-1
If: 𝑦 =𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) Gradient = 0

𝑑𝑦
Then: = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑓 (𝑥) This means that the Cos graph is actually telling you
𝑑𝑥 the gradient of the Sin graph at the equivalent point!

 At π, Cosθ = -1
 The gradient of Sinθ at π is -1

 At 3π/2, Cosθ = 0
 The gradient of Sinθ at 3π/2 is 0!

8F
 If: 𝑦=𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 If: 𝑦 =𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑓 ( 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Then:
𝑑𝑥
=𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
Differentiation Then:
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑓 (𝑥)

Differentiate:

a) 𝑦=𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 c) 𝑦 =𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥
Differentiate Rewrite
𝑑𝑦
=3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 𝑦 =¿
𝑑𝑥 Differentiate using
𝑑𝑦 the chain rule
= 2¿
2 𝑑𝑥
b) 𝑦 =𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 𝑥
Simplify
Differentiate 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 2 2 =2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 3 3

8F
 Differentiation
You need to be able to differentiate
Trigonometric Functions
𝑓 ′ (𝑥)= lim
𝛿𝑥→0
[ 𝑓 ( 𝑥 +𝛿 𝑥 ) − 𝑓 (𝑥)
𝛿𝑥 ] Let f(x) = cosx

𝑓 ′ (𝑥)= lim
𝛿𝑥→0
[𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑥 +𝛿 𝑥 ) −𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥 )
𝛿𝑥 ] Multiply the
function using

[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛿 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛿 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

]
cos(A + B)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥)= lim
𝛿𝑥→0 𝛿𝑥 As δx  0
Cosδx  1

[ ]
Sinδx  δx
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ( 1 ) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 (𝛿 𝑥)− 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥)= lim
𝛿𝑥→0 𝛿𝑥 Simplify

[ ]
terms
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝛿 𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥)= lim
𝛿𝑥→0 𝛿𝑥 Cosx’s cancel

[ ]
out
− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝛿 𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥)= lim
𝛿𝑥→0 𝛿𝑥
Cancel δx’s
′
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
8G
 Differentiation
You need to be able to differentiate
Trigonometric Functions

If: 𝑦=𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Then: =− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥

If: 𝑦 =𝑐𝑜𝑠 ⁡𝑓 ( 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑦 ′
Then: =− 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑓 (𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥

8G
 If: 𝑦=𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 If: 𝑦 =𝑐𝑜𝑠 ⁡𝑓 ( 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 ′
Then: 𝑑𝑥 =− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 Then: 𝑑𝑥 =− 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑓 (𝑥 )
Differentiation
Differentiate:

a) 𝑦 =𝑐𝑜𝑠 ⁡( 4 𝑥 − 3) c) 𝑦=3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
Differentiate Differentiate
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
=− 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ⁡(4 𝑥 −3) =3(− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Simplify
𝑑𝑦
=− 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
b) 𝑦 =𝑐𝑜 𝑠 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Rewrite
𝑦 =¿
Differentiate using
𝑑𝑦 the chain rule
=3 ¿
(− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
Rewrite/simplify
𝑑𝑦 2
=− 3 𝑐𝑜 𝑠 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥

8G
 Differentiation
You need to be able to differentiate
Trigonometric Functions 𝑢=𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑣=𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
Differentiate Differentiate
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
Let: 𝑦 =𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 So: 𝑦 = =𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 =− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑣 −𝑢
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑣2
Substitute
values
𝑑𝑦 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)−(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
(− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
=¿
𝑑𝑥
¿ Simplify
𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜 𝑠 2 𝑥+𝑠𝑖 𝑛 2 𝑥
=¿
𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜 𝑠 2 𝑥 Replace the
numerator using

=¿ 12
𝑑𝑦 another identity

𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜 𝑠 𝑥
Rewrite
𝑑𝑦
=¿ 𝑠𝑒 𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
8H
 Differentiation
You need to be able to differentiate
Trigonometric Functions

If: 𝑦 =𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2
Then: =𝑠𝑒 𝑐 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

If: 𝑦 =𝑡𝑎𝑛 ⁡𝑓 ( 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑦 ′ 2
Then: = 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑓 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

8H
 If: 𝑦 =𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 If: 𝑦 =𝑡𝑎𝑛 ⁡𝑓 ( 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦

Differentiation
2 ′ 2
Then: 𝑑𝑥 =𝑠𝑒 𝑐 𝑥 Then: 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑓 (𝑥)

Differentiate:

𝑦 =𝑡𝑎𝑛 4 𝑥
𝑦 =¿
Differentiate using
the Chain rule
𝑑𝑦
=4 ¿
(𝑠𝑒 𝑐 2
𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
Simplify
𝑑𝑦 3 2
=4 𝑡𝑎 𝑛 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

8H
 If: 𝑦 =𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 If: 𝑦 =𝑡𝑎𝑛 ⁡𝑓 ( 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦

Differentiation
2 ′ 2
Then: 𝑑𝑥 =𝑠𝑒 𝑐 𝑥 Then: 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑓 (𝑥)

Differentiate:
𝑢=𝑥 𝑣=𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
𝑦=𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥 Differentiate Differentiate
Use the 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢 product rule =1 =2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
=𝑢 +𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Sub in values
𝑑𝑦
=¿(𝑥)
(2 𝑠𝑒 𝑐 2
2 𝑥 )+(𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝑥)
(1)
𝑑𝑥
Simplify
𝑑𝑦
=¿2𝑥𝑠𝑒 𝑐 2 2 𝑥+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

8H
 Task

Readers – Exercise 2.5

This will also include other standard integrals

that you have learnt so I would recommend
doing every question!
 Differentiation
Differentiate:
𝑥
𝑢=𝑒 𝑥 𝑣=𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑦 =𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 Differentiate Differentiate
Use the 𝑑𝑢 𝑥 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢 product rule =𝑒 =𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
=𝑢 +𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Sub in values
𝑑𝑦
=¿(𝑒¿¿𝑥)¿
(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)+(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
(𝑒 𝑥
)
𝑑𝑥
Simplify
𝑑𝑦
=¿ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
Factorise
𝑑𝑦
=¿ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

8J
 Differentiation
Differentiate:
𝑢=𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑣=𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑥 Differentiate Differentiate
𝑦= 𝑑𝑢 1
=
𝑑𝑣
=𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 Use the 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 quotient rule
𝑣 −𝑢
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 2

1
( )
𝑑𝑦 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑥 − (𝑙𝑛𝑥)
=¿
(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
Sub in values

𝑑𝑥
¿
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 Simplify
𝑑𝑦 −𝑙𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
=¿ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥 Rewrite lnxcosx so it can
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 be grouped (multiply top
𝑑𝑦 and bottom by x)
=¿ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥
Simplify
𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
=¿
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑥𝑠𝑖 𝑛 𝑥
8J
 Task

Readers – Exercise 2.6

This will also include other standard integrals

that you have learnt so I would recommend
doing every question!
Extension work
Extension work - solutions