DWDM System Debugging

ZTE University
Transmission Course Team
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 Contents:
•System debugging purpose
•Optical power evenness calculation
•Example

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 System debugging purpose

Purpose: To find out the best receiving power for the receiver

If the transmitter can load the optical signal to the

system normally and we keep the receiver can receive
the signal in the normal range, the DWDM system
will work without error codes.

The best receiving range of the receiver is the best

working point we try to find.

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 Optical power evenness calculation

1. Channel power difference

DWDM system is a multi-wave system. When in one fiber
there are more than one wave transmitted, we should
ensure every single wave of them has the same/similar
optical power.

Control the difference between any two waves less than

4dB.

It is the base of WDM system.

The less difference the better.

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 Optical power evenness calculation

ch1 λ1 λ1 ch1
OTU1 OTU1

OMU
input output

ODU
┇ BA LA PA ┇
λn λ λ λ λ λn
chN s chN
OTUn s s s OTUn

It is to control the difference between each OTUT

output to be less than 4dB. (Add attenuator to the higher
one.)
△ < 4dB

For OTUT of ZXMP-M900, the output is about -3dBm

with input.

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 Optical power evenness calculation
ch1 λ1 λ1 ch1
OTU1 OTU1

OMU
input output

ODU
┇ BA LA PA ┇
λn λ λ λ λ λn
chN s chN
OTUn s s s OTUn

Pi Pm

△ < 4dB, suppose that OMU has NO insertion loss

Pm=N*Pi (mW)  10logPm=10log(N*Pi) (dBm)

10logPm=10logN + 10logPi

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 Optical power evenness calculation

Commonly, for AWG OMU, the insertion loss is about 7dB

and for Coupler OMU, the insertion loss is about 15dB.

While do the system debugging, the insertion loss of OMU s

hould be tested.

OMU_output = 10logPm – insertion loss

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 Optical power evenness calculation

2. Input optical power to the line and the max.

output of OA

OA’s output is the input of line and each OA card has it

max. output power, so we should control that optical
power to prevent non-linear phenomenon.

E.g.
OBA 2520---- gain:25dB, max. output 20dBm

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 Optical power evenness calculation

ch1 λ1 λ1 ch1
OTU1 OTU1

OMU
input output

ODU
┇ BA LA PA ┇
λn λ λ λ λ λn
chN s chN
OTUn s s s OTUn

Suppose: 32-wave system, now only use 5 waves, OBA:2520

a. max. output of 32 waves of OBA: 20dBm (for 32 waves)
b. max. output of single wave:
10logPi=10logPm-10logN=20-10log32=5dBm
c. max. output of 5 waves
10logPm=10logPi+10logn=5+10log5=12dBm
d. max. input of 5 waves
input=output-gain=12-25=-13dBm
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 Optical power evenness calculation

Compare the output of OMU and the max. input of OBA t

o decide whether you need a attenuator or not.

OMU_output – Attenu. + Gain = OBA_output

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 Optical power evenness calculation

3. Best receiving power of the receiver

OTU receiver type: PIN & APD

PIN: -18~0 dBm, best: -9 dBm

APD: -28~-8 dBm, best: -14dBm

In ZXMP-M900 system, PIN is commonly used for OTUT

and APD is commonly used for OTUR & OTUG.

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 Optical power evenness calculation
ch1 λ1 λ1 ch1
OTU1 OTU1

OMU
input output

ODU
┇ BA LA PA ┇
λn λ λ λ λ λn
chN s chN
OTUn s s s OTUn

Pm Pi
Suppose that OMU has NO insertion loss.

10logPi = 10logPM – 10logn

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 Optical power evenness calculation

Commonly, for AWG ODU, the insertion loss is about 7dB a

nd for Grating OMU, the insertion loss is about 15dB.

While do the system debugging, the insertion loss of ODU sh

ould be tested.

ODU_output = 10logPi – insertion loss

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 Optical power evenness calculation

Compare the ODU_output and the best receiving power

(-14dBm) of OTUR to decide whether it needs attenuato
rs or not.

If it needs to add some attenuators here, it is better to ad

d them between OPA and ODU.

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 Optical power evenness calculation

4. Power evenness for OAD

a. The drop signal of OAD card is sent to OTUR, so it is the

same calculation as No.3, considering the best receiving
power of OTUR.

b. The output signal of OAD card consists of 2 parts: passing-

through waves and adding waves.

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 Optical power evenness calculation
Atten.

M1 M2
Pi_p

In Out
Pm_in Pm_out
Drop Add
Pi_d Pi_a
Atten. Atten.

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 Optical power evenness calculation

10logPi_d = 10logPm_in – 10logn – insertion loss

Compare 10logPi_d and the best receiving power of OTUR

to decide whether it needs the attenuators between OAD an
d OTUR.

Control the output of OAD satisfy the optical power evenne

ss. (△ < 4dB)

So, compare the Pi_d and Pi_add to decide whether it needs

attenuators between M1 and M2 or between OTUT and OA
D.

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 Example
-3dBm APD

ch1 λ1 λ1 ch1
OTU1 1620 1412 OTU1

OMU32

ODU32
input ┇ ┇ output
BA PA
λn λ λ λn
ch5 ch5
OTUn s s OTUn

Line loss = 20dB

Insertion loss = 7dB Insertion loss = 7dB

32-wave system, now only use 5 waves.

(log2 = 0.3, log5 = 0.7)

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 Example

Ans.:
OMU----OBA: 1 dB atten.
before OPA: 2 dB atten.
OPA----ODU: 4 dB atten.

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