Design

The fuel system consists of fuel tank with fuel pick-up unit, fuel lines, feed
pump, fuel filter, injection pump with fuel valve and overflow valve as
well as injectors and return lines.
The feed pump sucks fuel through the tank filter and then forces it through
the fuel filters on to the injection pump.
The injection pump distributes the fuel via the delivery pipes and injectors
to the engine cylinders at the correct moment and in a quantity which
corresponds to the power output of the engine.
Excess fuel, which is returned from the overflow valve, and leak-off fuel
from the injectors is returned to the tank via the leak-off fuel and return
lines.
Fuel tanks and lines

Scania trucks are supplied with one or two

fuel tanks. The fuel line to the engine is
connected to the right-hand tank. Trucks
with two tanks therefore have a plastic
connection pipe between the two tanks.

There is a fuel pick-up unit in the fuel tank

with suction and return lines to the
injection pump and auxiliary heater. There
is also a float and sensor to the fuel level
gauge. The return pipe from the injection
pump is angled towards the strainer at the
bottom of the fuel pick-up unit so that the
warm return fuel can help to prevent
waxing in cold weather.
1 Suction pipe for fuel to injection pump
2 Suction pipe for fuel to auxiliary heater
3 Return pipe for fuel from injection pump
4 Return pipe for fuel from auxiliary heater
5 Switch for fuel level sensor
6 Fuel level sensor ,
7 Strainer
8 Float
9 Float arm
Fuel tanks and lines

The float actuates the slip ring connector

via the float arm and causes it to move on
the coil and,via increased or decreased
resistance, enables the fuel level gauge to
show what quantity of fuel remains in the
tank.

A plastic fuel. line runs from the suction

pipe and follows the frame side member
from the towards the engine.

N.B. The plastic pipe must be protected

against intense heat when e.g. welding.
The fuel valve is a solenoid valve, which opens and closes
the fuel supply to the engine. The route of the fuel through
the valve depends on whether it is open or closed. The fuel
valve is open when the power is switched on. This is why
power should always be on when bleeding the fuel system.
When power is switched off, the valve closes. The feed
pump then draws fuel from the injection pump instead of
supplying it. The engine stops due to vacuum.
Open fuel valve
 
The feed pump draws fuel
from the tank through the fuel
valve. It then pushes the fuel
through the filter and the fuel
valve on to the injection pump.
 
Excess fuel from the injection
pump flows back to the tank
via the fuel valve and overflow
valve (overflow valve opening
pressure 0.5 – 1.5 bar). Fuel
leak-off from the injectors is
returned via a connection on
the overflow valve.
Closed fuel valve
The feed pump draws fuel from the injection pump through the fuel
valve. It then forces the fuel through the filter and fuel valve, on to
the tank.
 Feed Pumps

The function of the feed pump is to suck fuel from the tank and to push it on
through the system to the injection pump.
The feed pump is a mechanical piston-type pump, attached to the injection
pump. It is powered from the injection pump camshaft which has two lobes
to drive the feed pump.
Therefore, the single action feed pump pumps fuel twice for each camshaft
revolution and the dual action feed pump four times.
There is a hand pump on the feed pump for priming after service work.
The capacity of the feed pump is sized so that fuel quantity considerably
exceeds engine requirements.
1 - Pump housing 10 - Piston
2 - Suction valve 11 - Piston spring
3 - Delivery valve 12 - Gasket
4 - Hand pump 13 - Plug
5 - Gasket 14 - Tappet
6 - Valve spring 15 - Tappet roller
7 - Plug 16 - Tappet shaft
8 - O-ring 17 - Guide
9 - Pushrod 18 - Spring ring

Single action feed pump

The single action feed pump consists of two chambers,
separated by a piston. The piston 10 is actuated partly by
the tappet 14 and the push rod 9, partly by piston spring 11.
Suction stroke

(Induction of fuel)

The pump piston is forced in by

the piston spring, fuel is sucked
in, passes the suction valve and
fills the outer pump chamber.