WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

WORK
Work – is a transfer of energy. One way of measuring energy is by
measuring the work done.

Work represents the physical effects of an parallel force applied to a

particle or object that results in a net displacement in the direction of the
force.
WORK
Three conditions for work to be done:

1. There must be force acting on the object.

2. The object has to move a certain distance.
3. There must be component of the force in the
direction of the motion.
WORK
Direction of the motion

Force
WORK
W=fd cos 𝜃
W= Work
F= Force (parallel to the displacement)
D= displacement (distance travelled)
𝜃= the angle between the force and displacement

• Expressed in JOULE (J)

• 1 J = 1 N.m / kg·m2/s2
 TRIANGLE METHOD

W= f x d

F= w
d
d= w
f

W= f x d cos 𝜃
Sample Problem:

1. Calculate the work done by a nurse who exerts a force of 8N at an

angle of 40° below the horizontal x-axis in pushing the patient in a
wheelchair at a distance of 20m.

W=Fd cos 𝜃
W= (8N)(20m) cos 40°
W= 122.6 J
A waiter carrying a tray of food with 60N of force, walk
along 7m long floor with an angle of 90°.
Calculate the work he does on the tray Of food.

Direction of the W= f x d cos 𝜃

motion = 60N x 7m cos 90°
=0J

Force
Calculate the work done on the block of wood by
the mas pushing it with 300 N of force through a
distance of 10 m.

Solution:
W= f x d
= (300N) x (10m)
W= 3000 N·m or 3000 J
 How much work is required for the elevator to reach the
top floor with a height of 140m and do 7450 J or work?

F= w W= 7450 J or 7450 N·m

d d= 140 m
F= ?
F= 7450 J / N·m
140 m

F= 53.21 N
 A weightlifter named Kim Bok Joo did 2700 J on lifting the barbell. If he
exerted 900 N of force, how high is the barbell from the floor?

d= w W= 2700 J or 2700 N·m

f F= 900 N
d=?
d= 2700 J or 2700 N·m
900 N

d= 3m
Energy

Energy- ability to do work.

This is the reason why some perform the same work

at different rates. Energy exist in several forms such
as potential and kinetic energy.
Energy

Kinetic Energy (KE)- is the energy possessed

by an object because it is in motion.

KE = 1 mv2
2
m= √ KE
v

v= √ 2KE
m
Energy

What is the kinetic energy of a girl who has a mass of

40kg and a velocity of 3m/s?

KE = 1 mv2 KE = 1 (40kg)(3m/s)2 KE = 180 kg·m2/s2

2 2 or 180 J or 180 N·m
KE = 1 (40kg)(9m2/s2)
2
KE = 1 360 kg·m2/s2
2
Energy
A 0.1 kg baseball has 20Joules of Kinetic energy as it passes
over the plate. How fast is it moving?

v= √ 2KE
m
v= √ (40 kg·m2/s2)
0.1 kg
v= √ 2(20 J)
0.1 kg
v= √ (400 m /s
2 2
)

v= 20 m/s
Energy

Potential Energy (PE)- is the potential energy

possessed by an object because of gravitational
interaction.

Pe= mgh h= PE m= PE
mg gh
 Gravitational Potential Energy

Is the energy possessed by an object due to its

Position (relative to the ground). Every object
on the Earth’s surface possesses this energy.

GPE is determined by the height of an object above the Earth’s

center of gravity.
What is the potential energy of a 10kg rock sitting on a cliff
30 meters high?

Pe= mgh
= (10kg) (9.8 m/s2) (30m)
= 2,940 kg·m2/s2 or 2,940 J
Find the height of a baseball with a mass of 0.15kg that has a
gravitational potential energy of 73.5 J.

h= PE h= 73.5 J or (kg·m2/s2)
mg (0.15kg) (9.8 m/s2)

h= 73.5 J or (kg·m2/s2)
h= 50 m
(1. 47 kg·m/s )
2
Power
Power is the amount of work done per unit of
time. Time is an important factor in calculating
power. The shorter the time required to the work,
the greater the power.

Unit: Watt or J/s

1horsepower = 746Watt
How much time is needed to produce 720 J of work if 90 W of
power is used?

t= W t= 720 J
=8s
P 90 W or 90 J/s
 W

P= w = Fd cos 𝜃 P t
t
P= Power F= Force
W= work d= distance
t-= time 𝜃= angle
If 68 W of power is produced in 18 s, how much work is done?

W= P x t
= (68 W or 68 J/s) (18 s)
= 1,224 J
A new conveyor system at the local packaging plan will utilize a motor-powered
mechanical arm to exert an average force of 890N to push large crates a distance of
12 m in 22s. Determine the power output required of such a motor.

Given:
F= 890 N
P= w W = Fd cos 𝜃
d= 12m
t= 22s t P= Fd cos 𝜃 (890N) (12m) cos 0°
P= ? t (22s)

P= 10, 680 N·m or J

t (22s) P= 485.45 W or J/s
LET’S TRY!
An object is moved with a force of 15N across a
horizontal surface. How much work is done if the
object is moved 50m?

W= f x d
= 15 N x 50 m
= 750 J or 750 N·m or 750 kg·m2/s2
A bag of wheat weighs 200kg. To what height should it be
raised so that potential energy is 9800J?

h= PE h= 9800 J or (kg·m2/s2)
mg (200 kg) (9.8 m/s2)
h= 5 m
h= 9800 J or (kg·m /s )
2 2

1,960 kg·m/s2)
An elephant has a mass of 150kg runs with a Kinetic Energy
of 200J. What is the velocity of the ball?

v= √ 2KE
m v= √ 2 (200J) kg·m2/s2
150 kg v= √ 2.67 m2/s2

v= √ 400 kg·m2/s2
150 kg
V= 1.63 m/s
A roller coaster mass is 200kg is rolling down a track with an
instanteous speed 10m/s. What is its kinetic energy?

KE = 1 mv2 KE = 1 (200kg) (10m/s)2

2 2
KE = 1 (200kg) (100m2/s2)
2 KE = 10, 000 kg·m2/s2
KE = 1 20, 000 kg·m2/s2
2
A sailor pulls a boat a distance of 30.0 m along a dock using a
rope that makes an angle of 25° with the horizontal. How much
work is done if he exerts a force of 255 N on the rope?

W=fd cos 𝜃 W= (255 N) (30.0m) cos 25°

W= 6,933 J or 6,933 N·m or 6,933 kg·m2/s2
Thank You Everyone