Fema l e G en i t a l

Mutilaion!
and effects.
About, risk ,myths
y
Ludmila and Stac
 REFERENCES

● https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/
● https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/female-genital-mutilation-fgm/national-fgm-support-clinics/
● https://www.who.int/news-
● https://www.unfpa.org/resources/female-genital-mutilation-fgm-frequently-asked-questions
● Here you can list your reference websites or publications
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 All about 02 Effects and complications

Here you could describe the topic
Short and long term
of the section

FURTHER
03 Myths and reasons 04 READING
Here you could describe the topic Here you could describe the topic
of the section of the section
 “To cut off the sensitive sexual organ of a girl is directly against
the honesty of nature, a distortion to her womanhood, and an abuse
of her fundamental human right”

—Joseph Osuigwe Chidiebere

01.
All about
Here you could describe the topic of
the section
All About
o Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a procedure where the
female genitals are deliberately cut, injured or changed,
but there's no medical reason for this to be done.

o It's also known as female circumcision or cutting.

o FGM is a violation of the human rights of girls and

women.
All About…
o Usually carried out on young girls between infancy and the
age of 15, commonly before puberty starts.

o It's very painful and can seriously harm the health of women
and girls.

o This practice has no health benefits for girls and women.

 02.
Effects and
complication
s
Here you could describe the topic of the
section
Effects and
complications
o Short-Term:
o urine retention and other urinary problems

o excessive bleeding (haemorrhage)

o genital tissue swelling and injury

o fever
Effects and complications…
oShort-Term…
o Bacterial infections e.g., tetanus

o wound healing problems

o injury to surrounding genital tissue

o Shock, severe pain, possibly leading to a loss of

consciousness.
LISTE
N TO
US !
Effects and
complications
o Long-term:
o Urinary problems (painful urination,
urinary tract infections)
o Vaginal problems (discharge, itching,
bacterial vaginosis and other
infections)
o Menstrual problems (painful
menstruations, difficulty in passing
menstrual blood, etc.)
Effects and
complications
o Long-term…
o scar tissue and keloid
o sexual problems (pain during
intercourse, decreased satisfaction, etc.)
o increased risk of childbirth
complications (difficult delivery,
excessive bleeding, caesarean section,
need to resuscitate the baby, etc.) and
newborn deaths
 Effects and complications
…
o Needed for later surgeries: Sometimes genital tissue
is stitched again several times, for example
the sealing or narrowing of the vaginal opening
may lead to the practice of cutting open the sealed
vagina later to allow for sexual intercourse and
childbirth (deinfibulation).

o psychological problems (depression, anxiety, post-

traumatic stress disorder, low self-esteem).
3,000,000Girls at risk annually!
Egypt (38%), Sudan (67%), Kenya (15%),
Nigeria (13%) and Guinea (15%)
Somalia (70%)
 03.
Myths and
reaons
Here you could describe the topic of the
section
 Why is FGM performed?
Psychosexual reasons:
FGM is carried out as a way to control women’s sexuality, It is thought to
ensure virginity before marriage and fidelity afterward, and to increase male
sexual pleasure.
Sociological and cultural
reasons:
FGM is seen as part of a girl’s initiation into womanhood, Sometimes
myths about female genitalia (e.g., that an uncut clitoris will grow to the
size of a penis, or that FGM will enhance fertility or promote child
survival).
Hygiene and aesthetic reasons:
In some communities, the external female genitalia are considered dirty
and ugly and are removed, ostensibly to promote hygiene and aesthetic
appeal.
 Why is FGM performed…
Socio-economic factors:
FGM is a prerequisite for marriage. Where women are largely
dependent on men, economic necessity can be a major driver of
the procedure. FGM sometimes is a prerequisite for the right to
inherit. It may also be a major income source for practitioners.

Religious reasons:

Although FGM is not endorsed by either Islam or by Christianity,

supposed religious doctrine is often used to justify the practice
 Countries Banned by law

Africa: Benin (2003); Burkina Faso (1996); Central African Republic (1996, 2006); Chad
(2003); Cote d'Ivoire (1998); Djibouti (1994, 2009); Egypt (2008); Eritrea (2007);
Ethiopia (2004); The Gambia (2015); Ghana (1994, 2007); Guinea (1965, 2000);

Guinea Bissau (2011); Liberia (2018, by one-year executive order); Kenya (2001,
2011); Mauritania (2005); Niger (2003); Nigeria (2015); Senegal (1999); South
Africa (2000); Sudan (2020); Tanzania (1998); Togo (1998); Uganda (2010); Zambia
(2005, 2011)
 Equipment used!

process
Special knives, scissors,
scalpels, pieces of glass or
razor blades.

cleaning
Most of these practices are
done in non hygienic
conditions using unsteriled
blades.
 THE WORK OF WOMEN

2017 2019
A gas giant and the biggest It has a beautiful name, but
planet in the Solar System 15% it’s also terribly hot there
25%

2018 2020
25% 35%
Closest planet to the Sun and Despite being red, Mars is a
the smallest one in the Solar cold place, not hot. It’s full of
System iron oxide

If you want to modify this graph, click on it, follow the link, change the data and replace it
 ACHIEVED ACHIEVEMENTS
You own property that is uniquely
You can vote, thank a feminist for it yours

You receive the same salary as a man Get custody of your children after a
for doing the same divorce or separation

You went to university instead of Wear pants without being

leaving your studies excommunicated

You can apply for any job, not just a Boss is forbidden to pressure you to
'women's’ job sleep with him
‘‘Until the education of a girl is right and not a privilege, we are
failing our women.’’

— JAHA DUKUREH
THANKS!
Do you have any questions?
keziahkitio@gmail.com
stacyvalbel02@gmial.com
+91 620 421 838
LS-QUEENS.com
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