TRANSFORMATI

PROF. JULIET K BUCOY,

Ph.D VE
GOVERNANCE
 • 1. What is Governance ?

DEFINITION • Governance refers to the ways and means

employed by society to make collective
AND decisions, choose collective goals, and take
CONCEPTS action to achieve those goals (16). Reference to
governance encompasses the relationships
DEFINED between government and society including the
means through which private actors, markets,
and interest-based networks influence policy
decisions (17– 19).
 DEFINITION AND CONCEPTS
DEFINED

What is Governance ?
• specifically addresses issues of access, use, protection, and
management of common-pool natural resources (19). Hardin (20)
called upon two mechanisms to prevent overexploitation of
common-pool resources: private ownership (and thus market
mechanisms to respond to change) and state regulation.
 TRANSFORMATIVE GOVERNANCE?
•The capacity and capability to develop initiatives that can
keep up with continuously changing social contexts.

•Transformative governance is an approach to

environmental governance that has the capacity to respond
to, manage, and trigger regime shifts in coupled social-
ecological systems (SESs) at multiple scales.
 Transformative governance has recently been used as an
analytical framework to study many disciplines related to
human geography:
including social-ecological systems (e.g. Barnes et al. 2017),
climate risks (e.g. Kates et al. 2012; Fazey et al. 2018),
adaptation to climate change (e.g. O’Brien 2012; Termeer et
al. 2017),
TRANSFORMATIVE urban climate change (e.g. Hölscher et al. 2019),
GOVERNANCE? fire management (e.g. Bosomworth 2018; Head 2020),
agriculture and food systems (e.g. Panda 2018; Buchan et al. 
2019),
resilient urban water systems (e.g. Rijke et al. 2013),
urban regeneration (e.g. Eshuis & Gerrits 2019),
sustainability (e.g. Castán Broto et al. 2019),
the green economy (e.g. Gibbs & O’Neill 2014),
and the circular economy (e.g. Termeer & Metze 2019).
APPROACHES
These indirect drivers can
be demographic (e.g.
human population
dynamics), sociocultural
(e.g. consumption
patterns), economic (e.g.
trade), technological, or
relating to institutions,
governance, conflicts and
epidemics, and are
underpinned by societal
values and behaviors.
• In integrative, to ensure local solutions also have sustainable impacts
elsewhere (across scales, places, issues and sectors);
• inclusive, to empower those whose interests are currently not being met
and represent values embodying transformative change for
sustainability;
• adaptive, enabling learning, experimentation, and reflexivity, to cope
with the complexity of transformative change;
• and pluralist, recognizing different knowledge systems.

We argue that only when these four governance approaches are

implemented in conjunction; operationalized in a specific manner; and
focused on addressing the indirect drivers underlying sustainability
issues, governance becomes transformative.
• Emergent, often informal and nongovernmental aspects
of environmental governance are common in approaches
referred to as adaptive comanagement (22–24),
collaborative governance (25, 26), good governance (27,
28), and adaptive governance (7, 29–34).
Environmental governance specifically addresses issues of access,
use, protection, and management of common-pool natural resources
(19).

Hardin (20) called upon two mechanisms to prevent overexploitation of

common-pool resources: private ownership (and thus market
mechanisms to respond to change) and state regulation.
Ostrom (21) identified a third mechanism for environmental governance
by documenting the emergent, self organization of communities reliant
on common-pool resources with or without markets and regulation.
Self-organized environmental governance can respond more nimbly and
adaptively than government regulation and simultaneously address
issues that arise in market failure.
 UNDERSTANDING TRANSFORMATION
Changes that can contribute to or bring about transformation in governance

Full recognition of the dynamic links among technological and ecological

subsystems that support systems to enable better governance (Wesley et.al.
2011)

Creating learning environments that support experimentation and motivation

Environmental crises (e.g. droughts , or economic crises like energy prices

 TRANSFORMATION IN PHILIPPINE LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
• This research examined the Results show that the transformations of the
challenges, enablers and outcomes LGUs appear to have been catalyzed by three
of organisations transformation in interrelated elements: vision, LGU leadership
Philippine local governments. and citizen engagement. The transformation in
the local governments concentrated on
• This was combined by a multi-case multiple foci of reform including structure and
study research design and backward systems improvement, culture change, human-
mapping approach in collecting and resource development as well as policy and
analyzing narratives from 55 leaders programme development.
in 9 Filipino local government units
(LGUs) that have successfully This holistic approach enabled the
undergone transformation. transformation of bureaucratic and
unprofessional government service to
transparent, professional and efficient public
service that engendered pride, transparency
and social equity.