BLOOD

MARIJA JURAKOVIĆ
Blood is a liquid connective tissue
that our body uses for many
different functions
One of the primary functions of
blood is to transport oxygen and
nutrients to the cells and carries
away carbon dioxide and other
waste products
• blood consists of blood cells that swim in
blood plasma

• blood cells are erythrocytes, platelets, and

leukocytes

• blood plasma is the liquid part of the blood and

consists of water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins,
hormones, minerals and vitamins
• erythrocytes are the most numerous cells in
the blood, they are the source of blood color
• the red color of blood is given by the protein
hemoglobin, which contains iron
• leukocytes are blood cells on
which the health of the organism
depends
• if there is a cause of disease in the
body, the number of leukocytes
increases because their role is to
protect the body from disease
• platelets are essential in the
process of blood clotting
• platelets and the protein
fibrinogen are factors in the blood
clotting process
 blood has respiratory,nutrition,
immunity, temperature regulation, and
hemostasis function
• there are 4 main blood groups (types
of blood) – A, B, AB and O
• your blood group is determined by
the genes you inherit from your
parents
• each group can be either RhD
positive or RhD negative, which
means in total there are 8 blood
groups.
disorders
• volume
• circulation
• anemia
• coagulation
DISORDERS OF
• injury can cause blood loss through
VOLUME bleeding
• a healthy adult can lose almost 20% of
blood volume (1 L) before the first
symptom, restlessness, begins, and
40% of volume (2 L) before shock sets
in.
DISORDERS OF
CIRCULATION
• SHOCK IS THE INEFFECTIVE PERFUSION OF TISSUES,
AND CAN BE CAUSED BY A VARIETY OF CONDITIONS
INCLUDING BLOOD LOSS, INFECTION, POOR
CARDIAC OUTPUT.
• ATHEROSCLEROSIS REDUCES THE FLOW OF BLOOD
THROUGH ARTERIES, BECAUSE ATHEROMA LINES ARTERIES
AND NARROWS THEM. ATHEROMA TENDS TO INCREASE
WITH AGE, AND ITS PROGRESSION CAN BE COMPOUNDED
BY MANY CAUSES INCLUDING SMOKING, HIGH BLOOD
PRESSURE, EXCESS CIRCULATING LIPIDS
(HYPERLIPIDEMIA), AND DIABETES MELLITUS.
• Insufficient red cell mass
Anemia
(anemia) can be the result of
bleeding, blood disorders like
thalassemia, or nutritional
deficiencies, and may require one
or more blood transfusions.
 • Hemophilia is a genetic illness that causes dysfunction in one of the blood's clotting
mechanisms
• Ineffective or insufficient platelets can also result in coagulopathy (bleeding
disorders).
• Hypercoagulable state (thrombophilia) results from defects in regulation of platelet or
clotting factor function, and can cause thrombosis.

Disorders of coagulation