Introduction to Information

Technology

Week 1

Lecturer 1 & 2

Programme Tutor
Muhammad Jahangir

1
 Course Assessment

Mid Term 30 %

End Term 50 %

Internal evaluation 20 %
(5 quizez & 5 assignment) 2
 Textbooks
Main Book:
“Using Information Technology” by Brain K. Williams and
Stacey C. Sawyer (8th Edition)
Ref. Books:
 “Computer Fundamentals” by P. K. Sinha
 “Tomorrow's Technology and You” by Beekman, George.
Quinn, Mike (8th Edition)
 Internet Sources

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 Subject Contents in General
 Computer Hardware
 Computer Software
 Application Programs
Word processing
Presentation
Spreadsheets
 Communication & Computer Networks
 Applications of Networking: Internet, Intranet

4
 Computer Technology

Computer  computes
Programmable, multiuse machine that
accepts data and figures and processes it into
usable information.
Storage

Information

Input Process Output

5
 Few Basics..
Computer

Hardware Software

CPU Memory I/O Etc. Application System

Software Software

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Introduction to Information Technology
Mind Tools for Your Future

1.1 Infotech Becomes Commonplace: Cellphones, E-

Mail, the Internet, & the E-World
1.2 The “All-Purpose Machine”: The Varieties of
Computers
1.3 Understanding Your Computer
1.4 Where is Information Technology Headed?

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1.1 - InfoTech Becomes Commonplace:
Cell phones, E-Mail, the Internet, & the
E-World

“InfoTech” Information Technology

InfoTech: InfoTech is the fusion of computer

technology and communication technology.
InfoTech is the merging of computers with
high-speed communications links carrying
data, sound, and video.  
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1.1 - InfoTech Becomes Commonplace:
Cell phones, E-Mail, the Internet, & the
E-World
Computer:
A device that computes, especially a programmable
electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical
or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or
otherwise processes information.
Communication:
communication technology is also called telecommunication
technology , The activity of communicating; the activity of
conveying Information.

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1.2 The “All-Purpose Machine”: The
Varieties of Computers
All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of
Machines


Supercomputers

Mainframes

Workstations
 Microcomputers
 Microcontrollers

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Supercomputers
High-capacity machines with
hundreds of thousands of
processors that can perform
over 1 trillion calculations per
second.
E.g IBM ASCI White


Used where High Performance
computing is required
Usually used for weather

forecasting, Missile simulations,

Nuclear Fusion simulations
IBM ASCI White

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Mainframes
Water or air-cooled computers
that vary in size from small, to
medium, to large, depending on
their use.
E.g IBM AS/400

Normally Dumb Terminals are

connected to these main frames.

Processing is done by Main
Frames
Dumb terminals only have

keyboard, monitors
VP2400 Mainframe

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Workstations
Expensive, powerful
computers usually used for
complex scientific,
mathematical, and
engineering calculations
and for computer-aided
design and computer-
aided manufacturing.

E.g. Sun blade 2500
Sun Microsystems Workstation

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Microcomputers

A Desk Top Personal Computer
Your home computers… Celeron
Now Desktop and Workstations are combining. i.e Your PC is

also becoming powerful enough

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Microcomputers

A Tower Case Personal Computer



Sony Tower PC

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Microcomputers

A Lap Top Personal Computer

Lightweight portable computers with built-in
monitor, keyboard, hard-disk drive, battery and AC
adapter.

Laptop Computer

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Microcomputers

A Personal Digital Assistant

Getting Very popular

Personal organization tools-
schedule planners, address
books, to-do lists, send e-mail
and faxes.

New generation that
incorporates mobile phone
and microcomputer.

HP 5555

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Microcontrollers
Embedded computers are the tiny, specialized
microprocessors installed in "smart" appliances and
automobiles.

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Servers


Server - a central computer that holds collections of data
& programs for clients


Clients - PCs, workstations, & other devices


Server + Clients linked together = Client/Server network

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1.3 Understanding Your Computer
How Computers Work - Concept #1
The purpose of a computer is to process data into information.

Data Information

The raw facts and Data that has been

figures that are summarized or
processed into otherwise manipulated
information for use in decision
making

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How Computers Work - Concept #2

Computers consist of hardware and software.

Hardware Software

All the machinery and All the instructions that

equipment in a computer tell the computer how to
system perform a task

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How Computers Work - Concept #2

Computers also consist of firmware and liveware.

Firmware Liveware

Instructions or programs All the living things aiding

that reside inside computer to work. Data
Integrated Circuits (ICs) entry operators,
programmers etc

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How Computers Work - Concept #3

All computers follow the same four basic operations

Input

Processing Keyboard

Storage

Output

Communications Mouse

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How Computers Work - Concept #3

All computers follow the same four basic operations

Input

Processing

Storage

Output

Communications
Case or System Cabinet

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How Computers Work - Concept #3

All computers follow the same four basic operations

Input

Processing

Storage

Output
Processor Chip

Communications

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How Computers Work - Concept #3

All computers follow the same four basic operations

Input

Processing

Storage

Output Memory Chips

Communications

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How Computers Work - Concept #3

All computers follow the same four basic operations

Input

Processing

Storage

Output

Communications
Motherboard

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How Computers Work - Concept #3

All computers follow the same four basic operations

Input

Processing

Storage

Output

Communications Hard-Disk Drive

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How Computers Work - Concept #3

All computers follow the same four basic operations

Input

Processing

Storage

Output

Communications

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How Computers Work - Concept #3

All computers follow the same four basic operations

Input

Processing

Storage

Output

Communications

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How Computers Work - Concept #3

All computers follow the same four basic operations

Input

Processing

Storage

Output
Sound Card
Communications

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How Computers Work - Concept #3

All computers follow the same four basic operations

Input

Processing

Storage

Output

Communications Video Card

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How Computers Work - Concept #3

All computers follow the same four basic operations

Input

Processing

Storage

Output

Communications Speakers

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How Computers Work - Concept #3

All computers follow the same four basic operations

Input

Processing

Storage

Output

Communications Monitor

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How Computers Work - Concept #3

All computers follow the same four basic operations

Input

Processing

Storage

Output

Communications Printer

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How Computers Work - Concept #3

All computers follow the same four basic operations

Input

Processing

Storage

Output
Modem
Communications

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Put all the hardware together and…

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You still need the software!
System software
(Operating System)


Helps the computer
perform essential
operating tasks and
enables the application
software to run
And...

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You still need the software!
Application software


Enables you to perform

specific tasks--solve
problems, perform work,
or entertain yourself

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1.4 Where Is Information Technology Headed?
Three Directions of Computer Development

Miniaturization

Speed
Then (1946)

Affordability

Now

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1.4 Where Is Information Technology Headed?
Three Directions of Computer Development

Miniaturization:

The miniaturized processor, or microprocessor, in a personal

desktop computer today can perform calculations that once
required a computer filing an entire room.

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1.4 Where Is Information Technology Headed?
Three Directions of Computer Development

Speed:

More hardware components into machines, providing faster

processing speeds and more data storage capacity.

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1.4 Where Is Information Technology Headed?
Three Directions of Computer Development

Affordability:

Processor costs today are only a fraction of what they were

15 years ago.

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Three Directions of Communications
Development

Connectivity

Interactivity

Multimedia

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Three Directions of Communications
Development

Connectivity:

The ability to connect computers with one another by

communication line to provide information access.

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Three Directions of Communications
Development

Interactivity:

It is about two way communication; a user can respond to

Information he/she receives and modify the process.

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Three Directions of Communications
Development

Multimedia:

Refers to technology that presents information in more than

one medium __ such as text, pictures, sound, video and
animation __ in a single integrated communication.

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Concept Check

What are the two key components of

information technology?

Computers and Communications

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Concept Check

What are the five sizes of computers from

largest to smallest?

Supercomputer, Mainframe, Workstation, Microcomputer and

Microcontroller

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Concept Check

Which size of computer is also called an

“embedded computer?”

Microcontroller

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Concept Check

What are the five basic operations that

computers have in common?

Input, Processing, Storage, Output, and Communications

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Concept Check

Which type of storage is composed of

computer circuitry that temporarily holds data
waiting to be processed?

Primary Storage (Memory)

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Concept Check

What computer device consists of electronic

circuitry that executes instructions to process
data?

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

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Concept Check

Are RAM chips used for primary or secondary

storage?

Primary - they’re also called memory chips.

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Concept Check

What is the name of the main circuit board in

the computer, to which everything else is
attached via connections called ports?

Motherboard

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Concept Check

How many characters can be represented by

a byte and a kilobyte?

One character in a byte and 1000 characters in a kilobyte.

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Concept Check

What is the name for the unit of storage

capacity representing one billion characters?

One Gigabyte

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Concept Check

What type of software includes the operating

system, the master control program that runs
the computer?

System Software

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Concept Check

What are three directions of computer

development?

Miniaturization, Speed, and Affordability

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Concept Check
What are three directions of communications
development?

Connectivity, Interactivity and Multimedia

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