Introduction To SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

Introduction to SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet
P R O CES S F IE L D BU S
SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

Siemens AG 2001. All rights reserved.
Date: 01.12.2001 SITRAIN Training for
File No.: 7KE_ei.1 Automation and Drives
The Automation Pyramid (1)
Management Level Workstation, PC
Cell Level PLC, PC
PLC, PC
Field Level Drives
Valves
Actuator- Actuators
Sensor Sensors
Level

The SIMATIC NET Communication Solution (2)
Industrial Ethernet Management Level
Cell Level
PROFIBUS
Field Level
Actuator- Actuator-
Sensor Sensor
Interface Level

Network Positioning with Siemens A&D
IT communication
Internet
Data communication
P R O C ES S FIEL D BU S
net
Field communication
P R O C ES S FIEL D BU S

Paradigm Shift in Automation
Network/IT solutions
IT in automation
PC-based control/HMI
PR O C ES S F IE L D BU S
Networking
Networking Distributed control

Communication Systems at Corporate Level
Company management level

• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Plant control level

• Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES)
Ethernet, TCP/IP, Internet
Process level, production management level

Cell level
P R O C ES S FIE L D BU S
Field level
P R O C ES S FIE L D BU S

Today's Standards of Communication in the Office and
Automation Worlds
 In Office
Open standards such as Ethernet,
TCP/IP and Internet services
 In automation
 PROFIBUS is the world leader in
field-level communications
PR O CES S F IEL D BU S  Industrial Ethernet is the
standard for cell-level
communications

Trend: Distributed Automation
Today's automation solutions with

central intelligence and distributed I/Os
i
Trend: Distributed automation
with distributed intelligence
Siemens Third-party
PROFIBUS
i i i i
Siemens Third-party Industrial Ethernet
 For distributed intelligence you need peer-to-peer data communication instead
of I/O communication
 It is necessary to combine the strengths of PROFIBUS and industrial Ethernet
 Open data access to intelligent devices

Trend: Vertical Integration
Ethernet
Company
 Data access from

Industrial Ethernet company management
level right through to
automation
Production  Transparent
communication from
Office through to field
level
Automation PROFIBUS
AS-interface

PROFINet concept
for Industrial Ethernet and PROFIBUS
Engineering,
HMI
Internet
Industrial Ethernet
Automation Intelligent Intelligent

Proxy
system field device drive
PROFIBUS
Automation
Field device Field device Drive
system

Why SIMATIC NET?
A strategic decision for the future:

 Uniform communication from the actuator and sensor
through to world-wide networking

 Graduated range of communications systems
Industrial Ethernet, PROFIBUS, AS-Interface, EIB
 Optimum adaptation of network topologies
to plant requirements
 Open, international industrial standards for interfaces and
communication protocols
 Future-proofness through Siemens as trailblazer for
innovations and continuous product maintenance
AS-I Configuration
SIMATIC S7-300
AS-I Power Supply

CP 342-2
Passive Module Active Module

(without AS-I ASIC) (with AS-I ASIC)
Actuator / Sensor
with AS-I ASIC AS-I Hub
AS Interface AS Interface
Slave ASIC Bus Cable

PROFIBUS Configuration
SIEMENS SIEMENS
ET200C ET200C
Line
Ring
RS 485
FO
OLM

Industrial Ethernet Configuration
Triaxial cable
Fan-out
Star unit
coupler
KYDE
Fiber Optic Cable

Industrial Ethernet - Success Story and Visions
 Industrial Ethernet = Ethernet + industry-specific expansions
 In 1985 Siemens introduced Ethernet into industrial automation
 More than 400,000 industrial Ethernet nodes in customer applications
 Strengths: Transmission of medium to large data quantities in structured
networks
 Industrial Ethernet is the universal communications system for multimedia
and data communications and in the long term will form an integral part of
the field communication sector
 Vertical integration of other fieldbus systems
 Industry-specific expansion, next step: Real-time Ethernet for the industry

The Trendsetter's Success Story (1)
 1985: Ethernet in industry applications for SIMATIC and PC/PG
 1991: PROFIBUS products for SIMATIC S5 and PC/PG
 1993: Fiber-optic cable for PROFIBUS
 1994: AS-interface for SIMATIC and PC/PG
 1994: Flexible fiber-optic networks for PROFIBUS through OLM
 1995: Industrial twisted pair for Ethernet
 1996: Flexible fiber-optic/ITP networks for Ethernet through OLM/ELM
 1998: FastConnect cable system for PROFIBUS
 1998: Internet technology in automation: Market
launch of first IT CPs for SIMATIC S7
 1999: Switching technology and high-speed redundancy for
industrial Ethernet through OSM/ORM
 1999: Fast Ethernet for SIMATIC and PC/PG
 2000: FastConnect cable system for industrial Ethernet

The Trendsetter's Success Story (2)
 2001: First industrial WebPad on the market:

MOBIC T8 Mobile Industrial Communicator
 2001: PROFINet: distributed and open automation solutions
based on industrial Ethernet
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Communication...Station... Subnet... Network... Connection...
Communications-capable
C F module
Station P M
U
Subnet
C F
P M
Communications-capable
module U
Station

Communication...Station... Subnet... Network... Connection...
Subnet 1
Network
Station
Subnet 2
Subnet 3

STEP 7 Routing
Subnet 1
1st gateway Subnet 2
2nd gateway
Subnet 3

Connections
Communications- Communications-
function USEND function AG_RECV
S7- CP S7- CP
CPU CPU
S7-Connection ISO-
Subnet Subnet Connection
Communications- Handling-
function URCV block SEND
S7- CP S5- CP
CPU CPU

Types of connections (1)
Protocol type Operational Application field

procedure
Connection-oriented Three phases; Terminal sessions,
connection setup, data transfer
data transfer,
disconnect
Connectionless Transport of messages Directory services,

that form a complete databases,
entity transactions

Types of connections (2)
Static Dynamic
connection connection
Configured  S7 communication M7-300/400
connection  FDL communication
 ISO communication
 ISO-on-TCP communication
 TCP communication
 IT communication
 MAP communication
Non-configured S7 basic communication
connection

Connection Resources
CPU CP
FMS C-Bus
... ...
FDL 1 P-Bus or C-Bus at S7-300 Connection
1
ISO
TCP/IP C-Bus at S7-400 Resources
IT
FDL FMS
...
S7-Com.
ISO PLC
S7-
TCP/IP
Com.
...
PROFIBUS / Industrial Ethernet
PG-/OP-Communication
and S7-Communication
PG OP
1 S7-400 always
1
S7-300 (Ethernet) only >240 Byte

ISO Reference Model for Open Communication Systems
7 Aplication Layer Direct user support

Handling of communication function
6 Uniform data presentation

Presentation Layer
data formats and interpretation of content
5 Communication control, synchronization, organization

Session Layer
and control of the dialog between communication partners
4 Reliable, efficient data transport between the two

Transport Layer
communication partners (processes)
3 Network Layer Route selection and switching through to the destination
Connection and disconnection of individual, reliable

2 Data Link Layer transmission section, error detection and correction,
flow control
1 Mechanical, electrical and functional control

Physical Layer
of bit transmission
Application-oriented
Transport-oriented

International Protocol Standards
Job Transfer Distributed Remote Manufacturing File Transfer Virtual Message
Manipulation Transaction Database Message Access Terminal Handling System
(JTM) Processing Access Specification Management (VT) (MHS)
ISO 8831 (DTP) (RDA) (MMS) (FTAM) ISO 9040 CCITT
ISO 8832 ISO 10 026 ISO 9579 ISO 9506 ISO 8571 ISO 9041 X.400
Commitment, Concurrency Association Control Remote Operations Reliable Transfer

and Recovery (CCR) Service Elements (ACSE) Service Elements (ROSE) Service Elements (RTSE)
ISO 9804, 9805 ISO 8649, 8650 ISO 9072 ISO
Presentation, ISO 8822, 8823 Directory

Transfer Syntax ASN.1, ISO 8824; Basic Encoding Rules, ISO 8825 Service
ISO
9495
Session, ISO 8826, 8827
Transport, Connection oriented, ISO 8072 , ISO 8073, Class 2.4

Network
connectionless, ISO AD 8073
Management
ISO 9596
ISO Connectionless Internet Protocol X.25 I.450 I.451
ISO 8348, 8473 ISO 8280 ISDN D chann.
LLC Type1-3, HDLC LAPB HDLC LAPD

FLC ISO 8802-2 ISO 7776 I.440 I.441
+
MAC CSMA, CD Token Bus Token Ring
ISO 8802-3 ISO 8802-4 ISO 8802-5 ISDN D chann.
X.21, X21 to ST interface

RS 485 ISO 8802-3 ISO 8802-4 ISO 8802-5
V.24 I.430 or I.431
Fieldbus Local Networks Remote Networks

Principle of Operation Acc. to ISO/OSI Model
Layer n+1
Services of layer n Services of layer n`

N protocol
Unit of operation Unit of operation
in layer n in layer n`
system A Layer n system A
Services of layer n-1 Layer n-1 Services of layer n`-1

Terms
n+1 n+1
n n
n-1 n-1

Communication Services/Protocols with IE (1)
Service PG/OP comm. S7 comm. SEND/RECEIVE

Transport
protocol
ISO/OSI TD/OP/PG S7/M7/C7/PC S5/S7/M7/C7/PC
Non-Siemens
Systems
ISO-on-TCP TD/OP/PG S7/M7/C7/PC S5/S7/M7/C7/PC
Non-Siemens
Systems
TCP/IP S7/M7/C7/PC
Non-Siemens
Systems
UDP/IP S5/S7/M7/C7/PC
Non-Siemens
Systems

Communication Services/Protocols with IE (2)
Service TF MAP IT
Transport-
protocol
ISO/OSI S5/PC S7/S5/PC
Non-Siemens Non-Siemens
Systems Systems
ISO-on-TCP
TCP/IP S7
E-mail client
FTP client/server
Web server
UDP/IP

Services
n+1 n+1
n n
n-1 n-1

Service Access Points
Application process
ASAP
(7) Instance APPLICATION LAYER

PSAP
(6) Instance PRESENTATION LAYER

SSAP
(5) Instance SESSION LAYER

TSAP
(4) Instance TRANSPORT LAYER

NSAP
(3) Instance NETWORK LAYER

LSAP
(2) Instance LINK LAYER

PHSAP
(1) Instance PHYSICAL LAYER
MAU
Medium

Interfaces
n+1 n+1
Layer n + 1
n n Service.request Service.indication
Service.confirm
Layer n
n-1 n-1

User Information on the Way to its Destination
Process Data Data Process
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
Sender Receiver
Medium

Data Structure
(N + 1) - PDU
Layer N + 1
(N) - PCI (N) - SDU
(N) - PDU
Layer N
(N - 1) - PCI (N-1) - SDU
Layer N - 1
(N-1) - PDU
PDU: Protocol Data Unit

SDU: Service Data Unit
PCI: Protocol Control Information

Structure of a Data Unit
LINK Header
Network Header
Transmission Header
Automation Protocol Header
User Data
Link Trailer
L-H N-H T-H AP - H DATA LT

Header Structure
Layer 2a Layer 2b Layer 3 Layer 4

IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.2 IEEE 8473 IEEE 8073
14 Dest ADR 6
Header Source ADR
IEEE 802.3 6
Length Field 2
Dest. Link SAP 1

Header 3 Source Link SAP 1
IEEE 802.2
Control Field 1
min. 46 bytes
Fixed Part
ISO 8473
Data Variable Part variable
IEEE 802.3 ISO 8473
Fixed Part v Length 1
Data a
ISO 8073 r Indicator
max. 1500 bytes IEEE 802.2 i
Variable Part a
b
Data ISO 8073 l
ISO 8473 e
Data
ISO 8073
CRC Field 4

MAC FRAME (1)
PREAMBLE 7 bytes
SFD 1 byte
DESTINATION 6 bytes
ADDRESS
SPOURCE 6 bytes
ADDRESS
LENGTH 2 bytes
<46 >=46
LLC bytes bytes
min: 46 bytes
DATA max:1500 bytes
PAD
FCS 4 bytes
LSB MSB Bit transfer LSB first

b0 b7

MAC FRAME (2)
PREAMBLE 7 bytes
SFD 1 byte
DESTINATION 6 bytes
ADDRESS
SPOURCE 6 bytes
ADDRESS
LENGTH 2 bytes
<46 >=46
LLC bytes bytes
min: 46 bytes
DATA max:1500 bytes
PAD
FCS 4 bytes

b0 b7

MAC FRAME (3)
 A MAC frame contains two addresses,

the destination address and
the source address.
 Length of an address field: 48 bits
 Address format: 48-bit address
I/G U/L
48 bits
I/G=0 Individual address
l/G=1 Group address
U/L=0 Global (universal) address management
U/L=1 Local address management

MAC FRAME (4)
Ethernet Address
Physical module address on the Ethernet. The Ethernet address is pre-assigned as follows:
080006 01 0 000 Hexadecimal
Byte 5 (right four bits) and byte 6:

Hexadecimal number for each module;
Each digit 0 ... 9, A ... F
Byte 5 (left four bits):

System identifier for SIEMENS systems;
Default for Simatic S5: 0.
Byte 4
Number for the SIEMENS "A&D" Group
Bytes 1 ... 3
OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier) or
company_ID
080006 is the ID for SIEMENS

Multicast Transmission
Individual address:
080006018010
Sender
Multicast addr.: Multicast addr.: Multicast addr.:

090006010001 090006010001 090006010001
Individual address: Individual address: Individual address:
080006018040 080006018030 080006018020

Comparison Ethernet Specifications - IEEE 802.3
Preamble Preamble
Destination Address Destination Address

Source Address Source Address
Type Field Length
Data Field Data Field
FCS FCS

IEEE 802 (1)
2b LLC 802.2
2a MAC
1 Physical 802.1
802.1 802.14
802.14
    

IEEE 802 (2)
2b LLC 802.2
2a MAC
1 Physical 802.1
802.1 802.14
802.14
    

Structure of an LLC Data Unit
DLSAP address 8 bits
SLSAP address 8 bits
Control field 8 bits
Data field N x 8 bits

Inactive Network Layer
L-H N-H T-H
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
L-H Link Header

N-H Network Header
T-H Transport Header

MAC Data/FCS Field
PREAMBLE 7 bytes
SFD 1 byte
DESTINATION 6 bytes
ADDRESS
SOURCE 6 bytes
ADDRESS
LENGTH 2 bytes
LLC
min: 46 bytes
DATA
max: 1500 bytes
PAD
FCS 4 bytes

b0 b7

Ethernet Transmission Procedure
Baseband transmission
Frequency 0 ... fmax
Destin-
Destin- ation 1
Message 2 Message 1
ation 2
A C D F
A F C E B D
B E

Manchester Code
T T = Pulse width for 1 bit
000000000 000000000
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Manchester Code for duration "0"
111111111 111111111
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Manchester Code for duration "1"
010101010 010101010
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
Manchester Code for "0" and "1" alternately
001111011 001111011
0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
Manchester Code for the bit battern shown
ETHERNET CP1 ETHERNET CP2

Serial Interface Serial Interface
ESI/82501 ESI/82501
ETHERNET ETHERNET
Local Communication Local Communication
Controller Controller
LCC/82586 LCC/82586

Access Procedures
Are.......
Deterministic Stochastic
Central Distributed

CSMA/CD (1)
1.
Check whether the line is clear, then transmit
2.
3.
Address recognized by the node
* Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection

CSMA/CD (2)
1.
2.
Collision detected
3.
Messages cancelled
Attempt repeated after allocated random time
* Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection

High Speed Networks
From 10 to 100 to 1000 Mbps
 FDDI Fiber Distributed Interface
 ANSI standard X3T9.5
 100 Mbps
 Glass fiber double-ring topology
 Copper version CDDI
 ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
 Broadband communication technology for LAN and WAN
 Standardized by ITU-T, ETSI, ATM Forum
 Regarded as the key technology of the future
 Scalable bandwidth 100,155,622 Mbps, and soon 2.4 Gbps
 Fast Ethernet (100 Base T)
 100 Mbps LAN, winner over its competitor 100VG-AnyLAN (IEEE802.12)
 IEEE 802.3u standard
 "Standard Ethernet, but ten times as fast"
 Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Base X)
 Gigabit Ethernet Alliance GEA has produced proposals for IEEE 802.3z .
 Good migration in existing Ethernet networks and protection of investments in the existing network
infrastructure

Hub vs. Switch
Hub Switch
A B A D G H E B C F
When A sends data to B, the data is also The switch recognizes the destination of each
passed on to all the other users connected data packet. It can therefore support several
to the hub. links between different network users at the
same time.
The 10 Mbps Ethernet bandwidth is shared
Each port has the full Ethernet bandwidth
between all the nodes.
available to it.

Shared LAN vs. Switched LAN
Data traffic
Shared LAN Switched LAN

 All the nodes in the network share the network
 Each collision-domain has the full
performance/transmission speed e.g. 10 Mbit/s performance/transmission speed
 not collisionfree
 Local data traffic remains local;
only selected data packets cross
 All data packages pass through all the segments segment boundaries
 Repeater, star coupler unit, OLMs and so on  Load isolation
requires rules for configuring the network and
reduces the max. distances
 Max. distance for each collision-domain


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Introduction to SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

Management Level Workstation, PC

Cell Level PLC, PC

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

Industrial Ethernet Management Level

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

Networking Distributed control

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

Company management level

Plant control level

Process level, production management level

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

Today's automation solutions with

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

 Data access from

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

Automation Intelligent Intelligent

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

A strategic decision for the future:

through to world-wide networking

AS-I Power Supply

Passive Module Active Module

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

Fiber Optic Cable

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

 2001: First industrial WebPad on the market:

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

1st gateway Subnet 2

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

Protocol type Operational Application field

Connectionless Transport of messages Directory services,

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

PROFIBUS / Industrial Ethernet

S7-300 (Ethernet) only >240 Byte

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

7 Aplication Layer Direct user support

6 Uniform data presentation

5 Communication control, synchronization, organization

4 Reliable, efficient data transport between the two

3 Network Layer Route selection and switching through to the destination

Connection and disconnection of individual, reliable

1 Mechanical, electrical and functional control

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

Commitment, Concurrency Association Control Remote Operations Reliable Transfer

Presentation, ISO 8822, 8823 Directory

Transport, Connection oriented, ISO 8072 , ISO 8073, Class 2.4

LLC Type1-3, HDLC LAPB HDLC LAPD

X.21, X21 to ST interface

Fieldbus Local Networks Remote Networks

SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet

Services of layer n Services of layer n`

system A Layer n system A