LESSON 3: Identify and Write

Compositions Exploring the

Various Elements, Techniques,
and Literary Devices in
Various Modes of Fiction
 Learning Competency
Identify and write compositions exploring the various
elements, techniques, and literary devices in various modes
of fiction
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students are expected
to:
1. Identify the various elements, techniques, and literary
devices in a work of fiction (Cognitive)
2. Read with comprehension sample works of fiction
(Psychomotor)
3. Write a brief story incorporating elements, techniques and
literary devices of fiction (Psychomotor)
4. Distinguish positive traits a person should possess to
succeed in life (Affective)
oA letter to Santa Clause
oThe Hunger Games book
trilogy
oA web page telling you about
the weather
oA restaurant menu
oA book of fables
oAn advertisement in the
newspaper
oA travel brochure
oHarry Potter books
oA fairy tale
oA myth about Orpheus and
Eurydice
 FICTION
1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________
3. __________________________________
4. __________________________________
5. __________________________________
 NONFICTION
1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________
3. __________________________________
4. __________________________________
5. __________________________________
Fiction – is make-believe, invented
stories. They may be short stories,
fables, vignettes, plays, novellas, or
novels.
– Although writers may base a
character on people they have met in
real life, the characters and the
experiences that the character faces in
the story are not real. (Source: (Linda
Frances Lein, n.d.))
 Literary Subgenres under
Fiction
•Fantasy •Realistic
•Folklore Fiction,
•Mystery •Romance,
•Historical •Science Fiction
Fiction •Thriller.
 Elements of Fiction
1. Character – refer to the persons, animals,
plants, inanimate objects such as robots, natural
and supernatural beings that possess life and
give life to the story.
a. Protagonist – is the character around whom
the story revolves. He/she is traditionally an
outstanding character with good traits.
b. Antagonist – is the character who is opposed
to the protagonist.
Story Guide:
Orpheus and Eurydice are the
protagonists in the story while the
snake acts as the antagonist. Other
characters in the story were Hades,
Persephone, Cerberus (the three-
headed dog), Charon (the
ferryman), the three ancient sisters.
 Elements of Fiction
2. Point of View (POV) – refers to the angle
of narration, it indicates “who is the narrator”
and “how is the narration done”.
a. First-person POV
– The narrator presents the POV of only one
character’s consciousness, which limits the
narrative to what the first-person narrator
knows, experiences, infers, or can find out by
talking to other characters.
b. Omniscient third person POV
– The narrator is all-knowing and takes the reader
inside the characters’ thoughts, feelings, and
motives, as well as shows what the characters say
and do.
c. Limited omniscient third person POV
– The narrator takes the reader inside one (or at
most very few characters) but neither the reader nor
the character has access to the inner lives of any of
the other characters in the story.
d. Objective third person POV
– The narrator does not see into the mind of
any character; rather he or she reports the
action and dialogue without telling the reader
directly what the characters feel and think.
Story Guide:
The story of Orpheus and Eurydice is
told in objective third-person point of
view. The narrator tells the story.
 Elements of Fiction
3. Plot
Plot is the series of events or actions that
comprise the story.
a. Exposition – is an introduction to the
characters, time, and the problem. This creates
the beginning of the story.
Story Guide:
Orpheus is a legendary musician who skill could
compare with that of the god of music. He has the
ability to charm all living things with his music.
b. Rising Action
The event that reveals the conflict.

Story Guide:
Orpheus met and wooed the maiden
he loved, Eurydice. They married. The
day after their wedding, the bride
walked in the meadow and a snake
bit her and caused her death.
c. Climax – refers to he highest point of the
story also called as the turning point.
Story Guide:
Orpheus went to the dark place and successfully
convinced Hades and Persephone to give back his
wife in a condition that he should not turn a
glimpse at her until they reach the world of the
living. Climbing up and up but when they were
almost there, Eurydice tripped and fell. He turned
to look at her. It was too soon. He saw her in the
dim light and held out his arms to clasp her, but
on the instant, she was gone.
d. Falling Action
he event when things start to wind down.
All the tension is actively being resolved.

Story Guide:
Desperately, he tried to rush after her
and followed her down, but he is not
allowed to return. The three-headed dog
and the ferryman blocked his return.
e. Resolution/Denouement – this is when
the conflicts are resolved, and the story
concludes.

Story Guide:
He made his way back to the living
world and devoted his life to playing
music.
 Elements of Fiction
4. Setting – refers to the time and place in
which the events of a narrative take place.

Story Guide:
The time was not directly stated in the
story, but it took place in the dark place
which is the realm of Hades.
 Elements of Fiction
5. Conflict – is the struggle between two
entities.
a. Social conflict (man versus man)
– The conflict which exists between the
protagonist and the antagonist.
b. Physical conflict (man versus nature)
– The conflict which exists between the
protagonist and any natural forces (water,
earth, wind, fire, as well as diseases)
c. Internal/Personal/Psychological conflict
(man versus himself)
– The conflict which exists between the
protagonist and his own self.
Story Guide:
The story’s conflict is an example of
physical conflict where man is in clash
with nature. The snake took the life of
Eurydice which caused the misery of
Orpheus.
 Elements of Fiction
6. Theme
The theme is the idea or concept of the author.
This is referred to as the message of the story

Story Guide:
The theme of the story surrounds
around love and regret.
Techniques and Literary Devices
1. Flashback – is when the narrator goes back
in time for a specific scene or chapter in order
to give more context for the story.
Sample:
In Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger Games, the
author uses flashback to create a pivotal
connection between Katniss and Peeta. When
Peeta is called to the podium, she distinctly
remembers Peeta giving her the bread when
her family was starving. Source: (Betts, 2020)
Techniques and Literary Devices
2. Foreshadowing – is when the author places
elements within the writing that gives clues
about what will happen in the future of the
story.
Sample:
In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, Romeo
says he prefers to die sooner than live without
Juliet’s love: “Life were better ended by their
hate, than death prorogues, wanting of the
love.” Source: (White, 2020)
Techniques and Literary Devices
3. Symbolism – This literary device is the use
of a situation or element to represent a larger
message, idea, or concept.
Sample:
In the novel series Harry Potter by JK
Rowling, Harry’s scar is symbolic of his
bravery, like a badge of honor. Source: (Your
Dictionary, 2020)
Techniques and Literary Devices
4. Figurative Language – refers to the use
of words in a way that deviates from the
conventional order and meaning in order
to convey a complicated meaning, colorful
writing, clarity, or evocative comparison. It
uses an ordinary sentence to refer to
something without directly stating it.