GROUP 3 PRESENTATION

12- BONIFACIO

Presented By:
LEADER: MONTOYA, DANA DEN
Members:
CAHAYAGAN, JOHN REYMOND
DUCLAYAN, POULLIN KYLE
ERRABO, RON ISRAEL
TARIPE, CHONNA MARIE
Topic:
DISCOVERY OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
AND IT`S SUBATOMIC CITE THE CONTRIBUTION
OF J.J. THOMSON, ERNEST RUTHERFORD,
HENRY MOSELEY AND NIELS BOHR TO
UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE
ATOM, NUCLEAR MODEL OF THE ATOM AND
THE LOCATION OF IT`S MAJOR COMPONENTS.
 What is Atom?

• Atoms are the building blocks of matter – a

single atom of any individual element is the
most basic entity in nature that still abides by
the rules of physics. We can observed in
everyday life (the SUBATOMIC particles that
make up atoms have their own special rules).
What is Subatomic?

- a particles which is smaller than an

atom in size
- a particle that composes an atom
DIFFERENT MODEL
OF THE ATOM
- DISCOVERY ATOMIC MODELS

- PROPONENT OF EACH MODEL

- CONTRIBUTION TO THE PRESENT ATOMIC MODEL

Discovery of the Atom
 JOSEPH
JOHN THOMSO
N 
( J.J. THOMSON)
(1856-1940)

- discovered the
electron in 1897
 J.J. THOMSON 
• In 1897 Thomson discovered the electron and then went on
to propose a model for the structure of the atom. His work
also led to the invention of the mass spectrograph.
• He carried out detailed and concluded that atom is not
the last and ultimate particle of matter but consists of some
fundamental particles negative and positives charge.
• These particles called as electrons and protons respectively
 THOMSON`S ATOMIC MODEL

As per Thomson`s Atomic Model, atom is solid.

There is no empty space 

There is no nucleus Thomson`s Atomic Model

The positive charge of the atom is uniformly distributed

J.J. THOMSON AND
THE DISCOVERY OF
ELECTRON
1. CATHODE RAY TUBE
CATHODE RAY TUBE
A cathode-ray tube is a vacuum tube containing one or more
electron guns, which emit electron beams that are
manipulated to display images on a phosphorescent screen.

a vacuum tube that creates an image on a fluorescent

screen when struck by an electromagnetically charged
beam.
 Examples of Cathode-Ray Tube

1.) Television Picture Tube 2.) Fluorescent Light Tube

2. PLUM-PUDDING MODEL
PLUM-PUDDING MODEL
- The plum pudding model has electrons
surrounded by a volume of positive
charge, like negatively charged "plums"
embedded in a positively charged "
pudding".
Example of Plum-Pudding Model 
 ERNEST
RUTHERFORD
(1871-1937)
- discovered the nucleus in
1911.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.
Ernest Rutherford

• In 1909, Ernest Rutherford an English Physics came up with his planetary

model of the atom, which describes that an atom is similar to the solar
system, with the positive nucleus to the center and negative electrons
orbiting around it. This statement was made after the experiment put
together by Ernest Marsden and Hans Geiger.
RUTHERFORD`S ATOMIC MODEL
As per Rutherford`s atomic model atom is hollow

With lot of empty space

The nucleus is at the center of the as per Rutherford`s atomic model

The positive charge is concentrated in the nucleus 

Electron revolve around the nucleus in specific orbit 

RUTHERFORD`S
ATOMIC MODEL
GOLD FOIL EXPERIMENT
 THE GOLD FOIL EXPERIMENT

• The Geiger-Marsden experiment, also called the gold

 foil experiment or the α-particle scattering
experiments, refers to a series of early-20th-century
experiments that gave physicists their first view of the
structure of the atomic nucleus and the physics
underlying the everyday world. It was first proposed
by Nobel Prize-winning physicist Ernest Rutherford.
 NIELS
HENRIK BOHR
(Niels Bohr) (1985-1962)

- discovery of the electron

and radioactivity in the
late 19th century led to
different models being
proposed for the
atom`s structure.
 NIELS BOHR
• Danish physicist who is generally regarded as one of the foremost
physicists of the 20th century. He was the first to apply the quantum
 concept, which restricts the energy of a system to certain discrete
values, to the problem of atomic and molecular structure. For that
work he received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922. His manifold
roles in the origins and development of quantum physics may be his
most-important contribution, but through his long career his
involvements were substantially broader, both inside and outside the
world of physics. Niels Bohr, was Rutherford`s student who
gamely took over his mentor`s project of deciphering the structure of
the atom in 1912.
 NIELS BOHR ATOMIC NUMBER
• Niel Bohr in 1913, specified the distribution of electrons
in different orbits.
• Bohr`s model of an atom suggest no. Of circular
orbits around the nucleus, in which electrons are
distributed.
• He thought of an atom as a tiny solar system, nucleus
as the sun and electrons as the planets.
• Thus, according to his atom is made up of two 
parts, nucleus and extra-nuclear part.
 Bright-line Spectrum
- tried to explain presence of specific colors in hydrogens spectrum
Energy Levels
- electrons can only exist in specific energy
states
Planetary Model
- elections move in circular orbits
within specific energy levels.
 HENRY GWYN
JEFFREY MOSELEY
(Henry Moseley)
(1887-1915)

-100 years ago, Moseley

discovered that the x-ray
spectrum of an element is
determined by the
element’s atomic number. This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.
 The Periodic Table of the Elements
• The periodic table of the elements had been created by
the Russian chemist Dimitri Mendeleev, 44 years earlier
in 1869. Elements were arranged on it according to
their atomic weight and their chemical properties. Then,
in 1911, Dutch physicist Antonius van den Broek
 published a hypothesis that stated that there was
something called the atomic number, and that it was
equal to the amount of charge in an atom's nucleus.
•Henry Moseley the English Physicist
who experimentally demonstrated
that the major properties of the element
are determined by the atomic number,
not by the atomic weight, and
firmly establish the relationship
between atomic number and the charge of
the atomic nucleus.
 In 1913, Moseley returned to Oxford
where he had to self-fund
his experiments. He set up
apparatus that shot high-energy
electrons at various chemical elements,
and he then measured the wavelengths
and frequencies of the resulting x-rays.
MOSELEY`S LAW
HENRY MOSELEY`S PERIODIC
TABLE
Atomic Numbers
 What is X-Ray Spectroscopy?
- X-ray spectroscopy is a technique that
detects and measures photons, or particles
of light, that have wavelengths in the X-ray
 portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. 
Results of X-Ray Spectroscopy that was performed
by the Mars Pathfinder lander on samples of
Martian soil
Moseley was able to show that the 
lanthanide series of chemical elements is
comprised of exactly 15 metallic chemical
elements, having the atomic
numbers 57 to 71. These numbers correspond
to the elements Lanthanum to Lutetium. Along
with elements, Scandium and Yttrium.
RARE EARTH ELEMENTS
1. SMARTPHONES 2.DIGITAL CAMERAS
3. COMPUTER HARD 4. FLOURESCENT
AND LED LIGHTS
DISK
5. FLAT SCREEN TELEVISION
6. COMPUTER MONITOR
7. ELECTRONIC DISPLAY
Thank You